mdoc version three, needs tlc (too posix)

SCCS-vsn: share/man/man4/termios.4 5.2

diff --git a/usr/src/share/man/man4/termios.4 b/usr/src/share/man/man4/termios.4
index bdd12ab..e850c73 100644 (file)
--- a/usr/src/share/man/man4/termios.4
+++ b/usr/src/share/man/man4/termios.4
@@ -1,63 +1,73 @@
-.\" Copyright (c) 1991 The Regents of the University of California.
+.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1992 The Regents of the University of California.

 .\" All rights reserved.
 .\"
 .\" %sccs.include.redist.roff%
 .\"
 .\" All rights reserved.
 .\"
 .\" %sccs.include.redist.roff%
 .\"

-.\"    @(#)termios.4   5.1 (Berkeley) %G%
+.\"    @(#)termios.4   5.2 (Berkeley) %G%

 .\"
 .\"

-.TH TERMIOS 4 ""
-.UC 4
-.SH NAME
-termios - general terminal interface
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-#include <termios.h>
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.PP
+.Dd 
+.Dt TERMIOS 4
+.Os BSD 4
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm termios
+.Nd general terminal interface
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Fd #include <termios.h>
+.Sh DESCRIPTION

 This describes a general terminal line discipline that is
 supported on tty asynchronous communication ports.
 This describes a general terminal line discipline that is
 supported on tty asynchronous communication ports.

-.LP
-.B "Opening a Terminal Device File"
-.LP
+.Ss Opening a Terminal Device File

 When a terminal file is opened, it normally causes the process to wait
 until a connection is established.  For most hardware, the presence
 When a terminal file is opened, it normally causes the process to wait
 until a connection is established.  For most hardware, the presence

-of a connection is indicated by the assertion of the hardware CARRIER line.
+of a connection is indicated by the assertion of the hardware
+.Dv CARRIER line.

 If the termios structure associated with the terminal file has the
 If the termios structure associated with the terminal file has the

-CLOCAL flag set in the cflag, or if the O_NONBLOCK flag is set
-in the open(2) call, then the open will succeed even without
+.Dv CLOCAL
+flag set in the cflag, or if the
+.Dv O_NONBLOCK
+flag is set
+in the
+.Xr open 2
+call, then the open will succeed even without

 a connection being present.
 In practice, applications
 seldom open these files; they are opened by special programs, such
 a connection being present.
 In practice, applications
 seldom open these files; they are opened by special programs, such

-as getty(2) or rlogind(2), and become
+as
+.Xr getty 2
+or
+.Xr rlogind 2 ,
+and become

 an application's standard input, output, and error files.
 an application's standard input, output, and error files.

-.LP
-.B "Job Control in a Nutshell"
-.LP
+.Ss Job Control in a Nutshell

 Every process is associated with a particular process group and session.
 Every process is associated with a particular process group and session.

-The grouping is hierarchical: every member of a particular process group is a 
+The grouping is hierarchical: every member of a particular process group is a

 member of the same session.  This structuring is used in managing groups
 member of the same session.  This structuring is used in managing groups

-of related processes for purposes of "job control"; that is, the
-ability from the keyboard (or from program control) to simultaneously 
+of related processes for purposes of
+.\" .Gw "job control" ;
+.Em "job control" ;
+that is, the
+ability from the keyboard (or from program control) to simultaneously

 stop or restart
 a complex command (a command composed of one or more related
 processes).  The grouping into process groups allows delivering
 of signals that stop or start the group as a whole, along with
 arbitrating which process group has access to the single controlling
 stop or restart
 a complex command (a command composed of one or more related
 processes).  The grouping into process groups allows delivering
 of signals that stop or start the group as a whole, along with
 arbitrating which process group has access to the single controlling

-terminal.  The grouping at a higher layer into sessions is to restrict 
+terminal.  The grouping at a higher layer into sessions is to restrict

 the job control related signals and system calls to within processes
 resulting from a particular instance of a "login".  Typically, a session
 is created when a user logs in, and the login terminal is setup
 to be the controlling terminal; all processes spawned from that
 login shell are in the same session, and inherit the controlling
 the job control related signals and system calls to within processes
 resulting from a particular instance of a "login".  Typically, a session
 is created when a user logs in, and the login terminal is setup
 to be the controlling terminal; all processes spawned from that
 login shell are in the same session, and inherit the controlling

-terminal.  
+terminal.

 A job control shell
 operating interactively (that is, reading commands from a terminal)
 normally groups related processes together by placing them into the
 same process group.  A set of processes in the same process group
 A job control shell
 operating interactively (that is, reading commands from a terminal)
 normally groups related processes together by placing them into the
 same process group.  A set of processes in the same process group

-is collectively refered to as a "job". When the foreground process 
+is collectively refered to as a "job". When the foreground process

 group of the terminal is the same as the process group of a particular
 job, that job is said to be in the "foreground".  When the process
 group of the terminal is different than the process group of
 group of the terminal is the same as the process group of a particular
 job, that job is said to be in the "foreground".  When the process
 group of the terminal is different than the process group of

-a job (but is still the controlling terminal), that job is said 
+a job (but is still the controlling terminal), that job is said

 to be in the "background".  Normally the
 shell reads a command and starts the job that implements that
 command.  If the command is to be started in the foreground (typical), it
 to be in the "background".  Normally the
 shell reads a command and starts the job that implements that
 command.  If the command is to be started in the foreground (typical), it


@@ -69,15 +79,16 @@ be started in the background (as denoted by the shell operator "&"),
 it never changes the process group of the terminal and doesn't
 wait for the job to complete (that is, it immediately attempts to read the next
 command).  If the job is started in the foreground, the user may
 it never changes the process group of the terminal and doesn't
 wait for the job to complete (that is, it immediately attempts to read the next
 command).  If the job is started in the foreground, the user may

-type a key (ususally ^Z) which generates the terminal stop signal
-(SIGTSTP) and has the affect of stopping the entire job. 
+type a key (ususally
+.Ql \&^Z )
+which generates the terminal stop signal
+.Pq Dv SIGTSTP
+and has the affect of stopping the entire job.

 The shell will notice that the job stopped, and will resume running after
 placing itself in the foreground.
 The shell also has commands for placing stopped jobs in the background,
 and for placing stopped or background jobs into to the foreground.
 The shell will notice that the job stopped, and will resume running after
 placing itself in the foreground.
 The shell also has commands for placing stopped jobs in the background,
 and for placing stopped or background jobs into to the foreground.

-.LP
-.B "Orphaned Process Groups"
-.LP
+.Ss Orphaned Process Groups

 An orphaned process group is a process group that has no process
 whose parent is in a different process group, yet is in the same
 session.  Conceptually it means a process group that doesn't have
 An orphaned process group is a process group that has no process
 whose parent is in a different process group, yet is in the same
 session.  Conceptually it means a process group that doesn't have


@@ -86,412 +97,676 @@ the initial login shell is typically in an orphaned process group.
 Orphaned process groups are immune to keyboard generated stop
 signals and job control signals resulting from reads or writes to the
 controlling terminal.
 Orphaned process groups are immune to keyboard generated stop
 signals and job control signals resulting from reads or writes to the
 controlling terminal.

-.LP
-.B "The Controlling Terminal"
-.LP
+.Ss The Controlling Terminal

 A terminal may belong to a process as its controlling terminal.  Each
 process of a session that has a controlling terminal has the same
 controlling terminal.  A terminal may be the controlling terminal for at
 most one session.  The controlling terminal for a session is allocated by
 A terminal may belong to a process as its controlling terminal.  Each
 process of a session that has a controlling terminal has the same
 controlling terminal.  A terminal may be the controlling terminal for at
 most one session.  The controlling terminal for a session is allocated by

-the session leader by issueing the TIOCSCTTY ioctl.  A controlling terminal
+the session leader by issuing the
+.Dv TIOCSCTTY
+ioctl.  A controlling terminal

 is never acquired by mereley opening a terminal device file.
 When a controlling terminal becomes
 is never acquired by mereley opening a terminal device file.
 When a controlling terminal becomes

-associated with a session, its foreground process group shall be set to
+associated with a session, its foreground process group is set to

 the process group of the session leader.
 the process group of the session leader.

-.PP
-The controlling terminal is inherited by a child process during a fork()
+.Pp
+The controlling terminal is inherited by a child process during a
+.Xr fork 2

 function call.  A process relinquishes its controlling terminal when it
 function call.  A process relinquishes its controlling terminal when it

-creates a new session with the setsid() function; other processes
+creates a new session with the
+.Xd setsid 2
+function; other processes

 remaining in the old session that had this terminal as their controlling
 remaining in the old session that had this terminal as their controlling

-terminal continue to have it.  
+terminal continue to have it.

 A process does not relinquish its
 controlling terminal simply by closing all of its file descriptors
 associated with the controlling terminal if other processes continue to
 have it open.
 A process does not relinquish its
 controlling terminal simply by closing all of its file descriptors
 associated with the controlling terminal if other processes continue to
 have it open.

-.PP
+.Pp

 When a controlling process terminates, the controlling terminal is
 disassociated from the current session, allowing it to be acquired by a
 new session leader.  Subsequent access to the terminal by other processes
 in the earlier session will be denied, with attempts to access the
 terminal treated as if modem disconnect had been sensed.
 When a controlling process terminates, the controlling terminal is
 disassociated from the current session, allowing it to be acquired by a
 new session leader.  Subsequent access to the terminal by other processes
 in the earlier session will be denied, with attempts to access the
 terminal treated as if modem disconnect had been sensed.

-.LP
-.B "Terminal Access Control"
-.LP
+.Ss Terminal Access Control

 If a process is in the foreground process group of its controlling
 If a process is in the foreground process group of its controlling

-terminal, read operations shall be allowed.  
+terminal, read operations are allowed.

 Any attempts by a process
 Any attempts by a process

-in a background process group to read from its controlling terminal shall
-cause its process group to be sent a SIGTTIN signal unless one of the
+in a background process group to read from its controlling terminal
+causes a
+.Dv SIGTTIN
+signal to be sent to
+the process's group
+unless one of the

 following special cases apply:  If the reading process is ignoring or
 following special cases apply:  If the reading process is ignoring or

-blocking the SIGTTIN signal, or if the process group of the reading
-process is orphaned, the read() returns -1 with errno set to [EIO] and no
-signal is sent.  The default action of the SIGTTIN signal is to stop the
+blocking the
+.Dv SIGTTIN signal, or if the process group of the reading
+process is orphaned, the
+.Xr read 2
+returns -1 with
+.Va errno set to
+.Er Dv EIO
+and no
+signal is sent.  The default action of the
+.Dv SIGTTIN
+signal is to stop the

 process to which it is sent.
 process to which it is sent.

-.PP
+.Pp

 If a process is in the foreground process group of its controlling
 If a process is in the foreground process group of its controlling

-terminal, write operations shall be allowed.
+terminal, write operations are allowed.

 Attempts by a process in a background process group to write to its
 Attempts by a process in a background process group to write to its

-controlling terminal shall cause the process group to be sent a SIGTTOU
-signal unless one of the following special cases apply:  If TOSTOP is not
-set, or if TOSTOP is set and the process is ignoring or blocking the
-SIGTTOU signal, the process is allowed to write to the terminal and the
-SIGTTOU signal is not sent.  If TOSTOP is set, and the process group of
+controlling terminal will cause the process group to be sent a
+.Dv SIGTTOU
+signal unless one of the following special cases apply:  If
+.Dv TOSTOP
+is not
+set, or if
+.Dv TOSTOP
+is set and the process is ignoring or blocking the
+.Dv SIGTTOU
+signal, the process is allowed to write to the terminal and the
+.Dv SIGTTOU
+signal is not sent.  If
+.Dv TOSTOP
+is set, and the process group of

 the writing process is orphaned, and the writing process is not ignoring
 the writing process is orphaned, and the writing process is not ignoring

-or blocking SIGTTOU, the write() returns -1 with errno set to [EIO] and
-no signal is sent.
-.PP
+or blocking
+.Dv SIGTTOU ,
+the
+.Xr write
+returns -1 with
+errno set to
+.Er Dv EIO
+and no signal is sent.
+.Pp

 Certain calls that set terminal parameters are treated in the same
 Certain calls that set terminal parameters are treated in the same

-fashion as write, except that TOSTOP is ignored; that is, the effect is
-identical to that of terminal writes when TOSTOP is set.
-.LP
-.B "Input Processing and Reading Data"
-.LP
+fashion as write, except that
+.Dv TOSTOP
+is ignored; that is, the effect is
+identical to that of terminal writes when
+.Dv TOSTOP
+is set.
+.Ss Input Processing and Reading Data

 A terminal device associated with a terminal device file may operate in
 full-duplex mode, so that data may arrive even while output is occurring.
 Each terminal device file has associated with it an input queue, into
 which incoming data is stored by the system before being read by a
 A terminal device associated with a terminal device file may operate in
 full-duplex mode, so that data may arrive even while output is occurring.
 Each terminal device file has associated with it an input queue, into
 which incoming data is stored by the system before being read by a

-process.  The system imposees a limit, {MAX_INPUT}, on the number of
+process.  The system imposes a limit,
+.Pf \&{ Dv MAX_INPUT Ns \&} ,
+on the number of

 bytes that may be stored in the input queue.  The behavior of the system
 bytes that may be stored in the input queue.  The behavior of the system

-when this limit is exceeded depends on the setting of the IMAXBEL
-flag in the termios c_iflag.  If this flag is set, the terminal
-is a sent an ASCII BEL character each time a character is recieved
+when this limit is exceeded depends on the setting of the
+.Dv IMAXBEL
+flag in the termios
+.Fa c_iflag .
+If this flag is set, the terminal
+is a sent an
+.Tn ASCII
+.Dv BEL
+character each time a character is recieved

 while the input queue is full.  Otherwise, the input queue is flushed
 upon receiving the character.
 while the input queue is full.  Otherwise, the input queue is flushed
 upon receiving the character.

-.PP
+.Pp

 Two general kinds of input processing are available, determined by
 whether the terminal device file is in canonical mode or noncanonical
 mode. Additionally,
 Two general kinds of input processing are available, determined by
 whether the terminal device file is in canonical mode or noncanonical
 mode. Additionally,

-input characters are processed according to the c_iflag and
-c_lflag fields.  Such processing can include echoing, which
+input characters are processed according to the
+.Fa c_iflag
+and
+.Fa c_lflag
+fields.  Such processing can include echoing, which

 in general means transmitting input characters immediately back to the
 terminal when they are received from the terminal.  This is useful for
 terminals that can operate in full-duplex mode.
 in general means transmitting input characters immediately back to the
 terminal when they are received from the terminal.  This is useful for
 terminals that can operate in full-duplex mode.

-.PP
+.Pp

 The manner in which data is provided to a process reading from a terminal
 device file is dependent on whether the terminal device file is in
 canonical or noncanonical mode.
 The manner in which data is provided to a process reading from a terminal
 device file is dependent on whether the terminal device file is in
 canonical or noncanonical mode.

-.PP
-Another dependency is whether the O_NONBLOCK flag is set by open() or
-fcntl().  If the O_NONBLOCK flag is clear, then the read request shall be
+.Pp
+Another dependency is whether the
+.Dv O_NONBLOCK
+flag is set by
+.Xr open()
+or
+.Xr fcntl() .
+If the
+.Dv O_NONBLOCK
+flag is clear, then the read request is

 blocked until data is available or a signal has been received.  If the
 blocked until data is available or a signal has been received.  If the

-O_NONBLOCK flag is set, then the read request shall be completed, without
+.Dv O_NONBLOCK
+flag is set, then the read request is completed, without

 blocking, in one of three ways:
 blocking, in one of three ways:

-.nf
-    (1)  If there is enough data available to satisfy the entire request,
-         the read() shall complete successfully and return the number of
-         bytes read.
-
-    (2)  If there is not enough data available to satisfy the entire
-         request, the read() shall complete successfully, having read as
-         much data as possible, and return the number of bytes it was
-         able to read.
-
-    (3)  If there is no data available, the read() shall return -1, with
-         errno set to [EAGAIN].
-.fi
-.PP
+.Bl -enum -offset indent
+.It
+If there is enough data available to satisfy the entire request,
+and the read completes successfully the number of
+bytes read is returned.
+.It
+If there is not enough data available to satisfy the entire
+request, and the read completes successfully, having read as
+much data as possible, the number of bytes read is returned.
+.It
+If there is no data available, the read returns -1, with
+errno set to
+.Br EAGAIN .
+.El
+.Pp

 When data is available depends on whether the input processing mode is
 When data is available depends on whether the input processing mode is

-canonical or noncanonical.  
-.LP
-.B "Canonical Mode Input Processing"
-.LP
+canonical or noncanonical.
+.Ss Canonical Mode Input Processing

 In canonical mode input processing, terminal input is processed in units
 In canonical mode input processing, terminal input is processed in units

-of lines.  A line is delimited by a newline ('\\n') character, an end-of-
-file (EOF) character, or an end-of-line (EOL) character.  See the "Special
-Characters" section
-for
-more information on EOF and EOL.  This means that a read request shall
+of lines.  A line is delimited by a newline
+.Ql \&\en
+character, an end-of-file
+.Pq Dv EOF
+character, or an end-of-line
+.Pq Dv EOL
+character.  See the
+.Sx "Special Characters"
+section for
+more information on
+.Dv EOF
+and
+.Dv EOL .
+This means that a read request will

 not return until an entire line has been typed, or a signal has been
 received.  Also, no matter how many bytes are requested in the read call,
 not return until an entire line has been typed, or a signal has been
 received.  Also, no matter how many bytes are requested in the read call,

-at most one line shall be returned.  It is not, however, necessary to
+at most one line is returned.  It is not, however, necessary to

 read a whole line at once; any number of bytes, even one, may be
 requested in a read without losing information.
 read a whole line at once; any number of bytes, even one, may be
 requested in a read without losing information.

-.PP
-{MAX_CANON} is a limit on the
-number of bytes in a line.  
+.Pp
+.Pf \&{ Dv MAX_CANON Ns \&}
+is a limit on the
+number of bytes in a line.

 The behavior of the system when this limit is
 The behavior of the system when this limit is

-exceeded is the same as when the input queue limit {MAX_INPUT}, is exceeded.
-.PP
+exceeded is the same as when the input queue limit
+.Pf \&{ Dv MAX_INPUT Ns \&} ,
+is exceeded.
+.Pp

 Erase and kill processing occur when either of two special characters,
 Erase and kill processing occur when either of two special characters,

-the ERASE and KILL characters (see the Special Characters section), is received.
+the
+.Dv ERASE
+and
+.Dv KILL
+characters (see the
+.Sx "Special Characters section" ) ,
+is received.

 This processing affects data in the input queue that has not yet been
 This processing affects data in the input queue that has not yet been

-delimited by a newline (NL), EOF, or EOL character.  This un-delimited
-data makes up the current line.  The ERASE character deletes the last
-character in the current line, if there is any.  The KILL character
-deletes all data in the current line, if there is any.  The ERASE and
-KILL characters have no effect if there is no data in the current line.
-The ERASE and KILL characters themselves are not placed in the input
+delimited by a newline
+.Dv NL,
+.Dv EOF ,
+or
+.Dv EOL
+character.  This un-delimited
+data makes up the current line.  The
+.Dv ERASE
+character deletes the last
+character in the current line, if there is any.  The
+.Dv KILL
+character
+deletes all data in the current line, if there is any.  The
+.Dv ERASE
+and
+.Dv KILL
+characters have no effect if there is no data in the current line.
+The
+.Dv ERASE
+and
+.Dv KILL
+characters themselves are not placed in the input

 queue.
 queue.

-.LP
-.B "Noncanonical Mode Input Processing"
-.LP
+.Ss Noncanonical Mode Input Processing

 In noncanonical mode input processing, input bytes are not assembled into
 lines, and erase and kill processing does not occur.  The values of the
 In noncanonical mode input processing, input bytes are not assembled into
 lines, and erase and kill processing does not occur.  The values of the

-MIN and TIME members of the c_cc array are used to determine how to
+.Dv MIN
+and
+.Dv TIME
+members of the
+.Fa c_cc
+array are used to determine how to

 process the bytes received.
 process the bytes received.

-.PP
-MIN represents the minimum number of bytes that should be received when
-the read() function successfully returns.  TIME is a timer of 0.1 second
+.Pp
+.Dv MIN
+represents the minimum number of bytes that should be received when
+the
+.Xr read
+function successfully returns.
+.Dv TIME
+is a timer of 0.1 second

 granularity that is used to time out bursty and short term data
 granularity that is used to time out bursty and short term data

-transmissions.  If MIN is greater than {MAX_INPUT}, the response to the
-request is undefined.  The four possible values for MIN and TIME and
+transmissions.  If
+.Dv MIN
+is greater than
+.Dv \&{ Dv MAX_INPUT Ns \&} ,
+the response to the
+request is undefined.  The four possible values for
+.Dv MIN
+and
+.Dv TIME
+and

 their interactions are described below.
 their interactions are described below.

-.LP
-.B "Case A: MIN > 0, TIME > 0"
-.LP
-In this case TIME serves as an inter-byte timer and is activated after
+.Ss "Case A: MIN > 0, TIME > 0"
+In this case
+.Dv TIME
+serves as an inter-byte timer and is activated after

 the first byte is received.  Since it is an inter-byte timer, it is reset
 the first byte is received.  Since it is an inter-byte timer, it is reset

-after a byte is received.  The interaction between MIN and TIME is as
+after a byte is received.  The interaction between
+.Dv MIN
+and
+.Dv TIME
+is as

 follows:  as soon as one byte is received, the inter-byte timer is
 follows:  as soon as one byte is received, the inter-byte timer is

-started.  If MIN bytes are received before the inter-byte timer expires
+started.  If
+.Dv MIN
+bytes are received before the inter-byte timer expires

 (remember that the timer is reset upon receipt of each byte), the read is
 (remember that the timer is reset upon receipt of each byte), the read is

-satisfied.  If the timer expires before MIN bytes are received, the
+satisfied.  If the timer expires before
+.Dv MIN
+bytes are received, the

 characters received to that point are returned to the user.  Note that if
 characters received to that point are returned to the user.  Note that if

-TIME expires at least one byte shall be returned because the timer would
-not have been enabled unless a byte was received.  In this case (MIN > 0,
-TIME > 0) the read shall block until the MIN and TIME mechanisms are
+.Dv TIME
+expires at least one byte is returned because the timer would
+not have been enabled unless a byte was received.  In this case
+.Pf \&( Dv MIN
+> 0,
+.Dv TIME
+> 0) the read blocks until the
+.Dv MIN
+and
+.Dv TIME
+mechanisms are

 activated by the receipt of the first byte, or a signal is received.  If
 activated by the receipt of the first byte, or a signal is received.  If

-data is in the buffer at the time of the read(), the result shall be as
+data is in the buffer at the time of the read(), the result is as

 if data had been received immediately after the read().
 if data had been received immediately after the read().

-.LP
-.B "Case B: MIN > 0, TIME = 0"
-.LP
-In this case, since the value of TIME is zero, the timer plays no role
-and only MIN is significant.  A pending read is not satisfied until MIN
-bytes are received (i.e., the pending read shall block until MIN bytes
+.Ss "Case B: MIN > 0, TIME = 0"
+In this case, since the value of
+.Dv TIME
+is zero, the timer plays no role
+and only
+.Dv MIN
+is significant.  A pending read is not satisfied until
+.Dv MIN
+bytes are received (i.e., the pending read blocks until
+.Dv MIN
+bytes

 are received), or a signal is received.  A program that uses this case to
 are received), or a signal is received.  A program that uses this case to

-read record-based terminal I/O may block indefinitely in the read
+read record-based terminal
+.Dv I/O
+may block indefinitely in the read

 operation.
 operation.

-.LP
-.B "Case C: MIN = 0, TIME > 0"
-.LP
-In this case, since MIN = 0, TIME no longer represents an inter-byte
+.Ss "Case C: MIN = 0, TIME > 0"
+In this case, since
+.Dv MIN
+= 0,
+.Dv TIME
+no longer represents an inter-byte

 timer.  It now serves as a read timer that is activated as soon as the
 timer.  It now serves as a read timer that is activated as soon as the

-read() function is processed.  A read is satisfied as soon as a single
+read function is processed.  A read is satisfied as soon as a single

 byte is received or the read timer expires.  Note that in this case if
 byte is received or the read timer expires.  Note that in this case if

-the timer expires, no bytes shall be returned.  If the timer does not
+the timer expires, no bytes are returned.  If the timer does not

 expire, the only way the read can be satisfied is if a byte is received.
 expire, the only way the read can be satisfied is if a byte is received.

-In this case the read shall not block indefinitely waiting for a byte; if
-no byte is received within TIME*0.1 seconds after the read is initiated,
-the read() shall return a value of zero, having read no data.  If data is
-in the buffer at the time of the read(), the timer shall be started as if
-data had been received immediately after the read().
-.LP
-.B "Case D: MIN = 0, TIME = 0"
-.LP
+In this case the read will not block indefinitely waiting for a byte; if
+no byte is received within
+.Dv TIME Ns *0.1
+seconds after the read is initiated,
+the read returns a value of zero, having read no data.  If data is
+in the buffer at the time of the read, the timer is started as if
+data had been received immediately after the read.
+.Ss Case D: MIN = 0, TIME = 0

 The minimum of either the number of bytes requested or the number of
 The minimum of either the number of bytes requested or the number of

-bytes currently available shall be returned without waiting for more
-bytes to be input.  If no characters are available, read() shall return a
+bytes currently available is returned without waiting for more
+bytes to be input.  If no characters are available, read returns a

 value of zero, having read no data.
 value of zero, having read no data.

-.LP
-.B "Writing Data and Output Processing"
-.LP
+.Ss Writing Data and Output Processing

 When a process writes one or more bytes to a terminal device file, they
 When a process writes one or more bytes to a terminal device file, they

-are processed according to the c_oflag field (see the Output Modes
+are processed according to the
+.Fa c_oflag
+field (see the
+.Sx "Output Modes

 section).  The
 implementation may provide a buffering mechanism; as such, when a call to
 write() completes, all of the bytes written have been scheduled for
 transmission to the device, but the transmission will not necessarily
 section).  The
 implementation may provide a buffering mechanism; as such, when a call to
 write() completes, all of the bytes written have been scheduled for
 transmission to the device, but the transmission will not necessarily

-have completed.  See also 6.4.2 for the effects of O_NONBLOCK on write().
-.LP
-.B "Special Characters"
-.LP
+have completed.
+.\" See also .Sx "6.4.2" for the effects of
+.\" .Dv O_NONBLOCK
+.\" on write.
+.Ss Special Characters

 Certain characters have special functions on input or output or both.
 These functions are summarized as follows:
 Certain characters have special functions on input or output or both.
 These functions are summarized as follows:

-.nf
-   INTR          Special character on input and is recognized if the ISIG
-                 flag (see the Local Modes section) is enabled.  Generates 
-                a SIGINT
-                 signal which is sent to all processes in the foreground
-                 process group for which the terminal is the controlling
-                 terminal.  If ISIG is set, the INTR character is
-                 discarded when processed.
-
-   QUIT          Special character on input and is recognized if the ISIG
-                 flag is enabled.  Generates a SIGQUIT signal which is
-                 sent to all processes in the foreground process group
-                 for which the terminal is the controlling terminal.  If
-                 ISIG is set, the QUIT character is discarded when
-                 processed.
-
-   ERASE         Special character on input and is recognized if the
-                 ICANON flag is set.  Erases the last character in the
-                 current line; see "Canonical Mode Input Processing".  
-                 It shall not erase beyond
-                 the start of a line, as delimited by an NL, EOF, or EOL
-                 character.  If ICANON is set, the ERASE character is
-                 discarded when processed.
-
-   KILL          Special character on input and is recognized if the
-                 ICANON flag is set.  Deletes the entire line, as
-                 delimited by a NL, EOF, or EOL character.  If ICANON is
-                 set, the KILL character is discarded when processed.
-
-   EOF           Special character on input and is recognized if the
-                 ICANON flag is set.  When received, all the bytes
-                 waiting to be read are immediately passed to the
-                 process, without waiting for a newline, and the EOF is
-                 discarded.  Thus, if there are no bytes waiting (that
-                 is, the EOF occurred at the beginning of a line), a byte
-                 count of zero shall be returned from the read(),
-                 representing an end-of-file indication.  If ICANON is
-                 set, the EOF character is discarded when processed.
-
-   NL            Special character on input and is recognized if the
-                 ICANON flag is set.  It is the line delimiter ('\\n').
-
-   EOL           Special character on input and is recognized if the
-                 ICANON flag is set.  Is an additional line delimiter,
-                 like NL.
-
-   SUSP          If the ISIG
-                 flag is enabled, receipt of the SUSP character causes a
-                 SIGTSTP signal to be sent to all processes in the
-                 foreground process group for which the terminal is the
-                 controlling terminal, and the SUSP character is
-                 discarded when processed.
-
-   STOP          Special character on both input and output and is
-                 recognized if the IXON (output control) or IXOFF (input
-                 control) flag is set.  Can be used to temporarily
-                 suspend output.  It is useful with fast terminals to
-                 prevent output from disappearing before it can be read.
-                 If IXON is set, the STOP character is discarded when
-                 processed.
-
-   START         Special character on both input and output and is
-                 recognized if the IXON (output control) or IXOFF (input
-                 control) flag is set.  Can be used to resume output that
-                 has been suspended by a STOP character.  If IXON is set,
-                 the START character is discarded when processed.
-
-   CR            Special character on input and is recognized if the
-                 ICANON flag is set; it is the '\\r', as denoted in the
-                 C Standard {2}.  When ICANON and ICRNL are set and IGNCR
-                 is not set, this character is translated into a NL, and
-                 has the same effect as a NL character.
-
-.fi
+.Bl -tag -width indent
+.It Dv INTR
+Special character on input and is recognized if the
+.Dv ISIG
+flag (see the
+.Sx "Local Modes"
+section) is enabled.  Generates a
+.Dv SIGINT
+signal which is sent to all processes in the foreground
+process group for which the terminal is the controlling
+terminal.  If
+.Dv ISIG
+is set, the
+.Dv INTR
+character is
+discarded when processed.
+.It Dv QUIT
+Special character on input and is recognized if the
+.Dv ISIG
+flag is enabled.  Generates a
+.Dv SIGQUIT
+signal which is
+sent to all processes in the foreground process group
+for which the terminal is the controlling terminal.  If
+.Dv ISIG
+is set, the
+.Dv QUIT
+character is discarded when
+processed.
+.It Dv ERASE
+Special character on input and is recognized if the
+.Dv ICANON
+flag is set.  Erases the last character in the
+current line; see
+.Sx "Canonical Mode Input Processing" .
+It does not erase beyond
+the start of a line, as delimited by an
+.Dv NL ,
+.Dv EOF ,
+or
+.Dv EOL
+character.  If
+.Dv ICANON
+is set, the
+.Dv ERASE
+character is
+discarded when processed.
+.It Dv KILL
+Special character on input and is recognized if the
+.Dv ICANON
+flag is set.  Deletes the entire line, as
+delimited by a
+.Dv NL ,
+.Dv EOF ,
+or
+.Dv EOL
+character.  If
+.Dv ICANON
+is set, the
+.Dv KILL
+character is discarded when processed.
+.It Dv EOF
+Special character on input and is recognized if the
+.Dv ICANON
+flag is set.  When received, all the bytes
+waiting to be read are immediately passed to the
+process, without waiting for a newline, and the
+.Dv EOF
+is discarded.  Thus, if there are no bytes waiting (that
+is, the
+.Dv EOF
+occurred at the beginning of a line), a byte
+count of zero is returned from the read(),
+representing an end-of-file indication.  If
+.Dv ICANON
+is
+set, the
+.Dv EOF
+character is discarded when processed.
+.Dv NL
+Special character on input and is recognized if the
+.Dv ICANON
+flag is set.  It is the line delimiter
+.Ql \&\en .
+.It Dv EOL
+Special character on input and is recognized if the
+.Dv ICANON
+flag is set.  Is an additional line delimiter,
+like
+.Dv NL .
+.It Dv SUSP
+If the
+.Dv ISIG
+flag is enabled, receipt of the
+.Dv SUSP
+character causes a
+.Dv SIGTSTP
+signal to be sent to all processes in the
+foreground process group for which the terminal is the
+controlling terminal, and the
+.Dv SUSP
+character is
+discarded when processed.
+.It Dv STOP
+Special character on both input and output and is
+recognized if the
+.Dv IXON
+(output control) or
+.Dv IXOFF
+(input
+control) flag is set.  Can be used to temporarily
+suspend output.  It is useful with fast terminals to
+prevent output from disappearing before it can be read.
+If
+.Dv IXON
+is set, the
+.Dv STOP
+character is discarded when
+processed.
+.It Dv START
+Special character on both input and output and is
+recognized if the
+.Dv IXON
+(output control) or
+.Dv IXOFF
+(input
+control) flag is set.  Can be used to resume output that
+has been suspended by a
+.Dv STOP
+character.  If
+.Dv IXON
+is set, the
+.Dv START
+character is discarded when processed.
+.Dv CR
+Special character on input and is recognized if the
+.Dv ICANON
+flag is set; it is the
+.Ql \&\er ,
+as denoted in the
+.Tn \&C
+Standard {2}.  When
+.Dv ICANON
+and
+.Dv ICRNL
+are set and
+.Dv IGNCR
+is not set, this character is translated into a
+.Dv NL ,
+and
+has the same effect as a
+.Dv NL
+character.
+.El
+.Pp

 The following special characters are extensions defined by this
 system and are not a part of 1003.1 termios.
 The following special characters are extensions defined by this
 system and are not a part of 1003.1 termios.

-.nf
-
-   EOL2                 Secondary EOL character.  Same function as EOL.
-
-   WERASE       Special character on input and is recognized if the
-                ICANON flag is set.  Erases the last word in the current
-                line according to one of two algorithms.  If the ALTWERASE
-                flag is not set, first any preceding whitespace is
-                erased, and then the maximal sequence of non-whitespace
-                characters.  If ALTWERASE is set, first any preceding
-                whitespace is erased, and then the maximal sequence
-                of alphabetic/underscores or non alphabetic/underscores.
-                As a special case in this second algorithm, the first previous
-                non-whitespace character is skippied in determining
-                whether the preceding word is a sequence of 
-                alphabetic/undercores.  This sounds confusing but turns
-                out to be quite practical.
-
-   REPRINT      Special character on input and is recognized if the
-                ICANON flag is set.  Causes the current input edit line
-                to be retyped.
-
-   DSUSP        Has similar actions to the SUSP character, except that
-                the SIGTSTP signal is delivered when one of the processes
-                in the foreground process group issues a read() to the
-                controlling terminal. 
-
-   LNEXT        Special character on input and is recognized if the IEXTEN
-                flag is set.  Receipt of this character causes the next
-                character to be taken literally.
-
-   DISCARD      Special character on input and is recognized if the IEXTEN
-                flag is set.  Receipt of this character toggles the flushing
-                of terminal output.  
-
-   STATUS       Special character on input and is recognized if the ICANON
-                flag is set.  Receipt of this character causes a SIGINFO
-                signal to be sent to the forground process group of the
-                terminal.  Also, if the NOKERNINFO flag is not set, it
-                causes the kernel to write a status message to the terminal
-                that displays the current load average, the name of the
-                command in the foreground, its process ID, the symbolic
-                wait channel, the number of user and system seconds used,
-                the percentage of cpu the process is getting, and the resident
-                set size of the process.
-
-
-.fi
-.pp
-The NL and CR characters cannot be changed.  
+.Bl -tag -width indent
+.It Dv EOL2    
+Secondary
+.Dv EOL
+character.  Same function as
+.Dv EOL.
+.It Dv WERASE
+Special character on input and is recognized if the
+.Dv ICANON
+flag is set.  Erases the last word in the current
+line according to one of two algorithms.  If the
+.Dv ALTWERASE
+flag is not set, first any preceding whitespace is
+erased, and then the maximal sequence of non-whitespace
+characters.  If
+.Dv ALTWERASE
+is set, first any preceding
+whitespace is erased, and then the maximal sequence
+of alphabetic/underscores or non alphabetic/underscores.
+As a special case in this second algorithm, the first previous
+non-whitespace character is skippied in determining
+whether the preceding word is a sequence of
+alphabetic/undercores.  This sounds confusing but turns
+out to be quite practical.
+.It Dv REPRINT
+Special character on input and is recognized if the
+.Dv ICANON
+flag is set.  Causes the current input edit line
+to be retyped.
+.It Dv DSUSP
+Has similar actions to the
+.Dv SUSP
+character, except that
+the
+.Dv SIGTSTP
+signal is delivered when one of the processes
+in the foreground process group issues a read() to the
+controlling terminal.
+.It Dv LNEXT
+Special character on input and is recognized if the
+.Dv IEXTEN
+flag is set.  Receipt of this character causes the next
+character to be taken literally.
+.It Dv DISCARD
+Special character on input and is recognized if the
+.Dv IEXTEN
+flag is set.  Receipt of this character toggles the flushing
+of terminal output.
+.It Dv STATUS
+Special character on input and is recognized if the
+.Dv ICANON
+flag is set.  Receipt of this character causes a
+.Dv SIGINFO
+signal to be sent to the forground process group of the
+terminal.  Also, if the
+.Dv NOKERNINFO
+flag is not set, it
+causes the kernel to write a status message to the terminal
+that displays the current load average, the name of the
+command in the foreground, its process ID, the symbolic
+wait channel, the number of user and system seconds used,
+the percentage of cpu the process is getting, and the resident
+set size of the process.
+.El
+.Pp
+The
+.Dv NL
+and
+.Dv CR
+characters cannot be changed.

 The values for all the remaining characters can be set and are
 The values for all the remaining characters can be set and are

-described later in the document under Special Control Characters.
-.PP
+described later in the document under
+Special Control Characters.
+.Pp

 Special
 character functions associated with changeable special control characters
 Special
 character functions associated with changeable special control characters

-can be disabled individually by setting their value to {_POSIX_VDISABLE};
-see "Special Control Characters".
-.PP
+can be disabled individually by setting their value to
+.Dv {_POSIX_VDISABLE};
+see
+.Sx "Special Control Characters" .
+.Pp

 If two or more special characters have the same value, the function
 performed when that character is received is undefined.
 If two or more special characters have the same value, the function
 performed when that character is received is undefined.

-.LP
-.B "Modem Disconnect"
-.LP
+.Ss Modem Disconnect

 If a modem disconnect is detected by the terminal interface for a
 If a modem disconnect is detected by the terminal interface for a

-controlling terminal, and if CLOCAL is not set in the c_cflag field for
-the terminal, the SIGHUP signal is sent to the controlling
+controlling terminal, and if
+.Dv CLOCAL
+is not set in the
+.Fa c_cflag
+field for
+the terminal, the
+.Dv SIGHUP
+signal is sent to the controlling

 process associated with the terminal.  Unless other arrangements have
 been made, this causes the controlling process to terminate.
 process associated with the terminal.  Unless other arrangements have
 been made, this causes the controlling process to terminate.

-Any subsequent call to the read() function shall return the value zero,
+Any subsequent call to the read() function return the value zero,

 indicating end of file.  Thus, processes that read a terminal
 file and test for end-of-file can terminate appropriately after a
 indicating end of file.  Thus, processes that read a terminal
 file and test for end-of-file can terminate appropriately after a

-disconnect.  If the [EIO] condition specified in 6.1.1.4 that applies
-when the implementation supports job control also exists, it is
-unspecified whether the EOF condition or the [EIO] is returned.  Any
-subsequent write() to the terminal device returns -1, with errno set to
-[EIO], until the device is closed.
-.LP
-.B "General Terminal Interface"
-.LP
-.B "Closing a Terminal Device File"
-.LP
-The last process to close a terminal device file shall cause any output
-to be sent to the device and any input to be discarded.  Then, if HUPCL
+disconnect.
+.\" If the
+.\" .Er EIO
+.\" condition specified in 6.1.1.4 that applies
+.\" when the implementation supports job control also exists, it is
+.\" unspecified whether the
+.\" .Dv EOF
+.\" condition or the
+.\" .Pf [ Dv EIO
+.\" ] is returned.
+Any
+subsequent write() to the terminal device returns -1, with
+.Va errno
+set to
+.Er EIO ,
+until the device is closed.
+.Sh General Terminal Interface
+.Pp
+.Ss Closing a Terminal Device File
+The last process to close a terminal device file causes any output
+to be sent to the device and any input to be discarded.  Then, if
+.Dv HUPCL

 is set in the control modes, and the communications port supports a
 is set in the control modes, and the communications port supports a

-disconnect function, the terminal device shall perform a disconnect.
-.LP
-.B "Parameters That Can Be Set"
-.LP
-Routines that need to control certain terminal I/O characteristics shall
+disconnect function, the terminal device performs a disconnect.
+.Ss Parameters That Can Be Set
+Routines that need to control certain terminal
+.Tn I/O
+characteristics

 do so by using the termios structure as defined in the header
 do so by using the termios structure as defined in the header

-<termios.h>.
+.Aq Pa termios.h .

 This structure contains minimally four scalar elements of bit flags
 and one array of special characters.  The scalar flag elements are
 This structure contains minimally four scalar elements of bit flags
 and one array of special characters.  The scalar flag elements are

-named: c_iflag, c_oflag, c_cflag, and c_lflag.  The character array
-is named c_cc, and its maximum index is NCCS.
-.LP
-.B "Input Modes"
-.LP
-Values of the c_iflag field describe the basic
+named:
+.Fa c_iflag ,
+.Fa c_oflag ,
+.Fa c_cflag ,
+and
+.Fa c_lflag .  The character array
+is named
+.Fa c_cc ,
+and its maximum index is
+.Dv NCCS .
+.Ss Input Modes
+Values of the
+.Fa c_iflag
+field describe the basic

 terminal input control, and are composed of
 terminal input control, and are composed of

-following masks: 
-.nf
-       (XXX cael - make into table)
-       IGNBRK /* ignore BREAK condition */
-       BRKINT /* map BREAK to SIGINTR */
-       IGNPAR /* ignore (discard) parity errors */
-       PARMRK /* mark parity and framing errors */
-       INPCK  /* enable checking of parity errors */
-       ISTRIP /* strip 8th bit off chars */
-       INLCR  /* map NL into CR */
-       IGNCR  /* ignore CR */
-       ICRNL  /* map CR to NL (ala CRMOD) */
-       IXON   /* enable output flow control */
-       IXOFF  /* enable input flow control */
-       IXANY  /* any char will restart after stop */
-       IMAXBEL /* ring bell on input queue full */
-.fi
-.PP
+following masks:
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width IMAXBEL -offset indent -compact
+.It Dv IGNBRK
+/* ignore BREAK condition */
+.It Dv BRKINT
+/* map BREAK to SIGINTR */
+.It Dv IGNPAR
+/* ignore (discard) parity errors */
+.It Dv PARMRK
+/* mark parity and framing errors */
+.It Dv INPCK
+/* enable checking of parity errors */
+.It Dv ISTRIP
+/* strip 8th bit off chars */
+.It Dv INLCR
+/* map NL into CR */
+.It Dv IGNCR
+/* ignore CR */
+.It Dv ICRNL
+/* map CR to NL (ala CRMOD) */
+.It Dv IXON
+/* enable output flow control */
+.It Dv IXOFF
+/* enable input flow control */
+.It Dv IXANY
+/* any char will restart after stop */
+.It Dv IMAXBEL
+/* ring bell on input queue full */
+.El
+.Pp

 In the context of asynchronous serial data transmission, a break
 condition is defined as a sequence of zero-valued bits that continues for
 more than the time to send one byte.  The entire sequence of zero-valued
 In the context of asynchronous serial data transmission, a break
 condition is defined as a sequence of zero-valued bits that continues for
 more than the time to send one byte.  The entire sequence of zero-valued


@@ -499,294 +774,608 @@ bits is interpreted as a single break condition, even if it continues for
 a time equivalent to more than one byte.  In contexts other than
 asynchronous serial data transmission the definition of a break condition
 is implementation defined.
 a time equivalent to more than one byte.  In contexts other than
 asynchronous serial data transmission the definition of a break condition
 is implementation defined.

-.PP
-If IGNBRK is set, a break condition detected on input is ignored, that
+.Pp
+If
+.Dv IGNBRK
+is set, a break condition detected on input is ignored, that

 is, not put on the input queue and therefore not read by any process.  If
 is, not put on the input queue and therefore not read by any process.  If

-IGNBRK is not set and BRKINT is set, the break condition shall flush the
+.Dv IGNBRK
+is not set and
+.Dv BRKINT
+is set, the break condition flushes the

 input and output queues and if the terminal is the controlling terminal
 input and output queues and if the terminal is the controlling terminal

-of a foreground process group, the break condition shall generate a
-single SIGINT signal to that foreground process group.  If neither IGNBRK
-nor BRKINT is set, a break condition is read as a single '\\0', or if
-PARMRK is set, as '\\377', '\\0', '\\0'.
-.PP
-If IGNPAR is set, a byte with a framing or parity error (other than
+of a foreground process group, the break condition generates a
+single
+.Dv SIGINT
+signal to that foreground process group.  If neither
+.Dv IGNBRK
+nor
+.Dv BRKINT
+is set, a break condition is read as a single
+.Ql \&\e0 ,
+or if
+.Dv PARMRK
+is set, as
+.Ql \&\e377 ,
+.Ql \&\e0 ,
+.Ql \&\e0 .
+.Pp
+If
+.Dv IGNPAR
+is set, a byte with a framing or parity error (other than

 break) is ignored.
 break) is ignored.

-.PP
-If PARMRK is set, and IGNPAR is not set, a byte with a framing or parity
+.Pp
+If
+.Dv PARMRK
+is set, and
+.Dv IGNPAR
+is not set, a byte with a framing or parity

 error (other than break) is given to the application as the three-
 error (other than break) is given to the application as the three-

-character sequence '\\377', '\\0', X, where '\\377', '\\0' is a two-character
+character sequence
+.Ql \&\e377 ,
+.Ql \&\e0 ,
+X, where
+.Ql \&\e377 ,
+.Ql \&\e0
+is a two-character

 flag preceding each sequence and X is the data of the character received
 flag preceding each sequence and X is the data of the character received

-in error.  To avoid ambiguity in this case, if ISTRIP is not set, a valid
-character of '\\377' is given to the application as '\\377', '\\377'.  If
-neither PARMRK nor IGNPAR is set, a framing or parity error (other than
-break) is given to the application as a single character '\\0'.
-.PP
-If INPCK is set, input parity checking is enabled.  If INPCK is not set,
+in error.  To avoid ambiguity in this case, if
+.Dv ISTRIP
+is not set, a valid
+character of
+.Ql \&\e377
+is given to the application as
+.Ql \&\e377 ,
+.Ql \&\e377 .
+If
+neither
+.Dv PARMRK
+nor
+.Dv IGNPAR
+is set, a framing or parity error (other than
+break) is given to the application as a single character
+.Ql \&\e0 .
+.Pp
+If
+.Dv INPCK
+is set, input parity checking is enabled.  If
+.Dv INPCK
+is not set,

 input parity checking is disabled, allowing output parity generation
 without input parity errors.  Note that whether input parity checking is
 enabled or disabled is independent of whether parity detection is enabled
 input parity checking is disabled, allowing output parity generation
 without input parity errors.  Note that whether input parity checking is
 enabled or disabled is independent of whether parity detection is enabled

-or disabled (see "Control Modes").  If parity detection is enabled but input
+or disabled (see
+.Sx "Control Modes" ) .
+If parity detection is enabled but input

 parity checking is disabled, the hardware to which the terminal is
 parity checking is disabled, the hardware to which the terminal is

-connected shall recognize the parity bit, but the terminal special file
-shall not check whether this bit is set correctly or not.
-.PP
-If ISTRIP is set, valid input bytes are first stripped to seven bits,
+connected recognizes the parity bit, but the terminal special file
+does not check whether this bit is set correctly or not.
+.Pp
+If
+.Dv ISTRIP
+is set, valid input bytes are first stripped to seven bits,

 otherwise all eight bits are processed.
 otherwise all eight bits are processed.

-.PP
-If INLCR is set, a received NL character is translated into a CR
-character.  If IGNCR is set, a received CR character is ignored (not
-read).  If IGNCR is not set and ICRNL is set, a received CR character is
-translated into a NL character.
-.PP
-If IXON is set, start/stop output control is enabled.  A received STOP
-character shall suspend output and a received START character shall
-restart output. If IXANY is also set, then any character shall
-restart output. When IXON is set, START and STOP characters are not
-read, but merely perform flow control functions.  When IXON is not set,
-the START and STOP characters are read.
-.PP
-If IXOFF is set, start/stop input control is enabled.  The system shall
-transmit one or more STOP characters, which are intended to cause the
+.Pp
+If
+.Dv INLCR
+is set, a received
+.Dv NL character is translated into a
+.Dv CR
+character.  If
+.Dv IGNCR
+is set, a received
+.Dv CR
+character is ignored (not
+read).  If
+.Dv IGNCR
+is not set and
+.Dv ICRNL
+is set, a received
+.Dv CR
+character is
+translated into a
+.Dv NL
+character.
+.Pp
+If
+.Dv IXON
+is set, start/stop output control is enabled.  A received
+.Dv STOP
+character suspends output and a received
+.Dv START
+character
+restarts output. If
+.Dv IXANY
+is also set, then any character may
+restart output. When
+.Dv IXON
+is set,
+.Dv START
+and
+.Dv STOP
+characters are not
+read, but merely perform flow control functions.  When
+.Dv IXON
+is not set,
+the
+.Dv START
+and
+.Dv STOP
+characters are read.
+.Pp
+If
+.Dv IXOFF
+is set, start/stop input control is enabled.  The system shall
+transmit one or more
+.Dv STOP
+characters, which are intended to cause the

 terminal device to stop transmitting data, as needed to prevent the input
 queue from overflowing and causing the undefined behavior described in
 terminal device to stop transmitting data, as needed to prevent the input
 queue from overflowing and causing the undefined behavior described in

-"Input Processing and Reading Data", and shall transmit one or more 
-START characters, which are
+.Sx "Input Processing and Reading Data" ,
+and shall transmit one or more
+.Dv START
+characters, which are

 intended to cause the terminal device to resume transmitting data, as
 soon as the device can continue transmitting data without risk of
 intended to cause the terminal device to resume transmitting data, as
 soon as the device can continue transmitting data without risk of

-overflowing the input queue.  The precise conditions under which STOP and
-START characters are transmitted are implementation defined.
-.PP
-If IMAXBEL is set and the input queue is full, subsequent input
-shall causes an ASCII BEL character to be transmitted to the
+overflowing the input queue.  The precise conditions under which
+.Dv STOP
+and
+START
+characters are transmitted are implementation defined.
+.Pp
+If
+.Dv IMAXBEL
+is set and the input queue is full, subsequent input
+shall causes an
+.Tn ASCII
+.Dv BEL
+character to be transmitted to the

 the output queue.
 the output queue.

-.PP
+.Pp

 The initial input control value after open() is implementation defined.
 The initial input control value after open() is implementation defined.

-.LP
-.B "Output Modes"
-.LP
-Values of the c_oflag field describe the basic terminal output control,
+.Ss Output Modes
+Values of the
+.Fa c_oflag
+field describe the basic terminal output control,

 and are composed of the following masks:
 and are composed of the following masks:

-.nf
-       (XXX cael - make into table)
-       OPOST   /* enable following output processing */
-       ONLCR   /* map NL to CR-NL (ala CRMOD) */
-       OXTABS  /* expand tabs to spaces */
-       ONOEOT  /* discard EOT's (^D) on output) */
-.fi
-.PP
-If OPOST is set, the remaining flag masks are interpreted as follows;
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width OXTABS -offset indent -compact
+.It Dv OPOST
+/* enable following output processing */
+.It Dv ONLCR
+/* map NL to CR-NL (ala
+.Dv CRMOD)
+*/
+.It Dv OXTABS
+/* expand tabs to spaces */
+.It Dv ONOEOT
+/* discard
+.Dv EOT Ns 's
+.Ql \&^D
+on output) */
+.El
+.Pp
+If
+.Dv OPOST
+is set, the remaining flag masks are interpreted as follows;

 otherwise characters are transmitted without change.
 otherwise characters are transmitted without change.

-.PP
-If ONLCR is set, newlines are translated to carriage return, linefeeds.
-.PP
-If OXTABS is set, tabs are expanded to the appropiate number of
+.Pp
+If
+.Dv ONLCR
+is set, newlines are translated to carriage return, linefeeds.
+.Pp
+If
+.Dv OXTABS
+is set, tabs are expanded to the appropiate number of

 spaces (assuming 8 column tab stops).
 spaces (assuming 8 column tab stops).

-.PP
-If ONOEOT is set, ASCII EOT's are discarded on output.
-.LP
-.B "Control Modes"
-.LP
-Values of the c_cflag field describe the basic
-terminal hardware control, and are composed of the 
+.Pp
+If
+.Dv ONOEOT
+is set,
+.Tn ASCII
+.Dv EOT NS 's
+are discarded on output.
+.Ss Control Modes
+Values of the
+.Fa c_cflag
+field describe the basic
+terminal hardware control, and are composed of the

 the following masks.
 Not all values
 specified are supported by all hardware.
 the following masks.
 Not all values
 specified are supported by all hardware.

-.nf
-       (XXX cael - make into table)
-       CSIZE           /* character size mask */
-       CS5                 /* 5 bits (pseudo) */
-       CS6                 /* 6 bits */
-       CS7                 /* 7 bits */
-       CS8                 /* 8 bits */
-       CSTOPB          /* send 2 stop bits */
-       CREAD           /* enable receiver */
-       PARENB          /* parity enable */
-       PARODD          /* odd parity, else even */
-       HUPCL           /* hang up on last close */
-       CLOCAL          /* ignore modem status lines */
-       CCTS_OFLOW      /* CTS flow control of output */
-       CRTSCTS         /* same as CCTS_OFLOW */
-       CRTS_IFLOW      /* RTS flow control of input */
-       MDMBUF          /* flow control output via Carrier */
-.fi
-.PP
-The CSIZE bits specify the byte size in bits for both transmission and
-reception.  The c_cflag is masked with CSIZE and compared with the
-values CS5, CS6, CS7, or CS8. This size does not include the parity bit, if any.  If CSTOPB
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width CRTS_IFLOW -offset indent -compact
+.It Dv CSIZE
+/* character size mask */
+.It Dv CS5
+/* 5 bits (pseudo) */
+.It Dv CS6
+/* 6 bits */
+.It Dv CS7
+/* 7 bits */
+.It Dv CS8
+/* 8 bits */
+.It Dv CSTOPB
+/* send 2 stop bits */
+.It Dv CREAD
+/* enable receiver */
+.It Dv PARENB
+/* parity enable */
+.It Dv PARODD
+/* odd parity, else even */
+.It Dv HUPCL
+/* hang up on last close */
+.It Dv CLOCAL
+/* ignore modem status lines */
+.It Dv CCTS_OFLOW
+/*
+.Dv CTS
+flow control of output */
+.It Dv CRTSCTS
+/* same as
+.Dv CCTS_OFLOW
+*/
+.It Dv CRTS_IFLOW
+/* RTS flow control of input */
+.It Dv MDMBUF
+/* flow control output via Carrier */
+.El
+.Pp
+The
+.Dv CSIZE
+bits specify the byte size in bits for both transmission and
+reception.  The
+.Fa c_cflag
+is masked with
+.Dv CSIZE
+and compared with the
+values
+.Dv CS5 ,
+.Dv CS6 ,
+.Dv CS7 ,
+or
+.Dv CS8 .
+This size does not include the parity bit, if any.  If
+.Dv CSTOPB

 is set, two stop bits are used, otherwise one stop bit.  For example, at
 110 baud, two stop bits are normally used.
 is set, two stop bits are used, otherwise one stop bit.  For example, at
 110 baud, two stop bits are normally used.

-.PP
-If CREAD is set, the receiver is enabled.  Otherwise, no characters shall
+.Pp
+If
+.Dv CREAD
+is set, the receiver is enabled.  Otherwise, no characters shall

 be received.  Not all hardware supports this bit.  In fact, this flag
 be received.  Not all hardware supports this bit.  In fact, this flag

-is pretty silly and if it were not part of the termios(4) specification
+is pretty silly and if it were not part of the
+.Nm termios
+specification

 it would be ommitted.
 it would be ommitted.

-.PP
-If PARENB is set, parity generation and detection is enabled and a parity
-bit is added to each character.  If parity is enabled, PARODD specifies
+.Pp
+If
+.Dv PARENB
+is set, parity generation and detection is enabled and a parity
+bit is added to each character.  If parity is enabled,
+.Dv PARODD
+specifies

 odd parity if set, otherwise even parity is used.
 odd parity if set, otherwise even parity is used.

-.PP
-If HUPCL is set, the modem control lines for the port shall be lowered
+.Pp
+If
+.Dv HUPCL
+is set, the modem control lines for the port shall be lowered

 when the last process with the port open closes the port or the process
 terminates.  The modem connection shall be broken.
 when the last process with the port open closes the port or the process
 terminates.  The modem connection shall be broken.

-.PP
-If CLOCAL is set, a connection does not depend on the state of the modem
-status lines.  If CLOCAL is clear, the modem status lines shall be
+.Pp
+If
+.Dv CLOCAL
+is set, a connection does not depend on the state of the modem
+status lines.  If
+.Dv CLOCAL
+is clear, the modem status lines shall be

 monitored.
 monitored.

-.PP
+.Pp

 Under normal circumstances, a call to the open() function shall wait for
 Under normal circumstances, a call to the open() function shall wait for

-the modem connection to complete.  However, if the O_NONBLOCK flag is set
-or if CLOCAL has been set, the open() function shall return
+the modem connection to complete.  However, if the
+.Dv O_NONBLOCK
+flag is set
+or if
+.Dv CLOCAL
+has been set, the open() function shall return

 immediately without waiting for the connection.
 immediately without waiting for the connection.

-.PP
-The CCTS_OFLOW (CRTSCTS) flag is currently unused.
-.PP
-If MDMBUF is set then output flow control is controlled by the state
+.Pp
+The
+.Dv CCTS_OFLOW
+.Pf ( Dv CRTSCTS )
+flag is currently unused.
+.Pp
+If
+.Dv MDMBUF
+is set then output flow control is controlled by the state

 of Carrier Detect.
 of Carrier Detect.

-.PP
+.Pp

 If the object for which the control modes are set is not an asynchronous
 serial connection, some of the modes may be ignored; for example, if an
 attempt is made to set the baud rate on a network connection to a
 terminal on another host, the baud rate may or may not be set on the
 connection between that terminal and the machine it is directly connected
 to.
 If the object for which the control modes are set is not an asynchronous
 serial connection, some of the modes may be ignored; for example, if an
 attempt is made to set the baud rate on a network connection to a
 terminal on another host, the baud rate may or may not be set on the
 connection between that terminal and the machine it is directly connected
 to.

-.LP
-.B "Local Modes"
-.LP
+.Ss Local Modes

 Values of the c_lflag field describe the control of
 various functions, and are composed of the following
 Values of the c_lflag field describe the control of
 various functions, and are composed of the following

-masks.  
-.nf
-       (XXX cael - make into table)
-       ECHOKE          /* visual erase for line kill */
-       ECHOE           /* visually erase chars */
-       ECHO            /* enable echoing */
-       ECHONL          /* echo NL even if ECHO is off */
-       ECHOPRT         /* visual erase mode for hardcopy */
-       ECHOCTL         /* echo control chars as ^(Char) */
-       ISIG            /* enable signals INTR, QUIT, [D]SUSP */
-       ICANON          /* canonicalize input lines */
-       ALTWERASE       /* use alternate WERASE algorithm */
-       IEXTEN          /* enable DISCARD and LNEXT */
-       EXTPROC         /* external processing */
-       TOSTOP          /* stop background jobs from output */
-       FLUSHO          /* output being flushed (state) */
-       NOKERNINFO      /* no kernel output from VSTATUS */
-       PENDIN          /* XXX retype pending input (state) */
-       NOFLSH          /* don't flush after interrupt */
-.fi
-.PP
-If ECHO is set, input characters are echoed back to the terminal.  If
-ECHO is not set, input characters are not echoed.
-.PP
-If ECHOE and ICANON are set, the ERASE character shall cause the terminal
+masks.
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width NOKERNINFO -offset indent -compact
+.It Dv ECHOKE
+/* visual erase for line kill */
+.It Dv ECHOE
+/* visually erase chars */
+.It Dv ECHO
+/* enable echoing */
+.It Dv ECHONL
+/* echo
+.Dv NL
+even if
+.Dv ECHO
+is off */
+.It Dv ECHOPRT
+/* visual erase mode for hardcopy */
+.It Dv ECHOCTL
+/* echo control chars as ^(Char) */
+.It Dv ISIG
+/* enable signals
+.Dv INTR ,
+.Dv QUIT ,
+.Dv [D]SUSP
+*/
+.It Dv ICANON
+/* canonicalize input lines */
+.It Dv ALTWERASE
+/* use alternate
+.Dv WERASE
+algorithm */
+.It Dv IEXTEN
+/* enable
+.Dv DISCARD
+and
+.Dv LNEXT
+*/
+.It Dv EXTPROC
+/* external processing */
+.It Dv TOSTOP
+/* stop background jobs from output */
+.It Dv FLUSHO
+/* output being flushed (state) */
+.It Dv NOKERNINFO
+/* no kernel output from
+.Dv VSTATUS
+*/
+.It Dv PENDIN
+/* XXX retype pending input (state) */
+.It Dv NOFLSH
+/* don't flush after interrupt */
+.El
+.Pp
+If
+.Dv ECHO
+is set, input characters are echoed back to the terminal.  If
+.Dv ECHO
+is not set, input characters are not echoed.
+.Pp
+If
+.Dv ECHOE
+and
+.Dv ICANON
+are set, the
+.Dv ERASE
+character shall cause the terminal

 to erase the last character in the current line from the display, if
 possible.  If there is no character to erase, an implementation may echo
 an indication that this was the case or do nothing.
 to erase the last character in the current line from the display, if
 possible.  If there is no character to erase, an implementation may echo
 an indication that this was the case or do nothing.

-.PP
-If ECHOK and ICANON are set, the KILL character shall 
+.Pp
+If
+.Dv ECHOK
+and
+.Dv ICANON
+are set, the
+.Dv KILL
+character shall

 cause the current line to be discarded and the system shall
 cause the current line to be discarded and the system shall

-echo the '\\n'
-character after the KILL character.
-.PP
-If ECHOKE and ICANON are set, the KILL character shall cause
+echo the
+.Ql \&\en
+character after the
+.Dv KILL
+character.
+.Pp
+If
+.Dv ECHOKE
+and
+.Dv ICANON
+are set, the
+.Dv KILL
+character shall cause

 the current line to be discarded and the system shall cause
 the terminal
 to erase the line from the display.
 the current line to be discarded and the system shall cause
 the terminal
 to erase the line from the display.

-.PP
-If ECHOPRT and ICANON are set, the system shall assume
+.Pp
+If
+.Dv ECHOPRT
+and
+.Dv ICANON
+are set, the system shall assume

 that the display is a printing device and shall print a
 that the display is a printing device and shall print a

-backslash and the erased characters when processing ERASE
+backslash and the erased characters when processing
+.Dv ERASE

 characters, followed by a forward slash.
 characters, followed by a forward slash.

-.PP
-If ECHOCTL is set, the system shall echo control characters
+.Pp
+If
+.Dv ECHOCTL
+is set, the system shall echo control characters

 in a visible fashion using a carrot followed by the control character.
 in a visible fashion using a carrot followed by the control character.

-.PP
-If ALTWERASE is set, the system will use an alternative algorithm
-for determining what constitutes a word when processing WERASE
-characters (see WERASE).
-.PP
-If ECHONL and ICANON are set, the '\\n' character shall be echoed even if
-ECHO is not set.
-.PP
-If ICANON is set, canonical processing is enabled.  This enables the
+.Pp
+If
+.Dv ALTWERASE
+is set, the system will use an alternative algorithm
+for determining what constitutes a word when processing
+.Dv WERASE
+characters (see
+.Dv WERASE ) .
+.Pp
+If
+.Dv ECHONL
+and
+.Dv ICANON
+are set, the
+.Ql \&\en
+character shall be echoed even if
+.Dv ECHO
+is not set.
+.Pp
+If
+.Dv ICANON
+is set, canonical processing is enabled.  This enables the

 erase and kill edit functions, and the assembly of input characters into
 erase and kill edit functions, and the assembly of input characters into

-lines delimited by NL, EOF, and EOL, as described in "Canonical Mode
-Input Processing".
-.PP
-If ICANON is not set, read requests are satisfied directly from the input
-queue.  A read shall not be satisfied until at least MIN bytes have been
-received or the timeout value TIME expired between bytes.  The time value
-represents tenths of seconds.  See "Noncanonical Mode Input Processing"
+lines delimited by
+.Dv NL,
+.Dv EOF ,
+and
+.Dv EOL,
+as described in
+.Sx "Canonical Mode Input Processing" .
+.Pp
+If
+.Dv ICANON
+is not set, read requests are satisfied directly from the input
+queue.  A read shall not be satisfied until at least
+.Dv MIN
+bytes have been
+received or the timeout value
+.Dv TIME
+expired between bytes.  The time value
+represents tenths of seconds.  See
+.Sx "Noncanonical Mode Input Processing"

 for more details.
 for more details.

-.PP
-If ISIG is set, each input character is checked against the special
-control characters INTR, QUIT, and SUSP (job control only).  If an input
+.Pp
+If
+.Dv ISIG
+is set, each input character is checked against the special
+control characters
+.Dv INTR ,
+.Dv QUIT ,
+and
+.Dv SUSP
+(job control only).  If an input

 character matches one of these control characters, the function
 character matches one of these control characters, the function

-associated with that character is performed.  If ISIG is not set, no
+associated with that character is performed.  If
+.Dv ISIG
+is not set, no

 checking is done.  Thus these special input functions are possible only
 checking is done.  Thus these special input functions are possible only

-if ISIG is set.
-.PP
-If IEXTEN is set, implementation-defined functions shall be recognized
-from the input data.  It is implementation defined how IEXTEN being set
-interacts with ICANON, ISIG, IXON, or IXOFF.  If IEXTEN is not set, then
+if
+.Dv ISIG
+is set.
+.Pp
+If
+.Dv IEXTEN
+is set, implementation-defined functions shall be recognized
+from the input data.  It is implementation defined how
+.Dv IEXTEN
+being set
+interacts with
+.Dv ICANON ,
+.Dv ISIG ,
+.Dv IXON ,
+or
+.Dv IXOFF .
+If
+.Dv IEXTEN
+is not set, then

 implementation-defined functions shall not be recognized, and the
 corresponding input characters shall be processed as described for
 implementation-defined functions shall not be recognized, and the
 corresponding input characters shall be processed as described for

-ICANON, ISIG, IXON, and IXOFF.
-.PP
-If NOFLSH is set, the normal flush of the input and output queues
-associated with the INTR, QUIT, and SUSP characters
+.Dv ICANON ,
+.Dv ISIG ,
+.Dv IXON ,
+and
+.Dv IXOFF .
+.Pp
+If
+.Dv NOFLSH
+is set, the normal flush of the input and output queues
+associated with the
+.Dv INTR ,
+.Dv QUIT ,
+and
+.Dv SUSP
+characters

 shall not be done.
 shall not be done.

-.PP
-If TOSTOP is set, the signal
-SIGTTOU is sent to the process group of a process that tries to write to
+.Pp
+If
+.Dv TOSTOP
+is set, the signal
+.Dv SIGTTOU
+is sent to the process group of a process that tries to write to

 its controlling terminal if it is not in the foreground process group for
 that terminal.  This signal, by default, stops the members of the process
 group.  Otherwise, the output generated by that process is output to the
 its controlling terminal if it is not in the foreground process group for
 that terminal.  This signal, by default, stops the members of the process
 group.  Otherwise, the output generated by that process is output to the

-current output stream.  Processes that are blocking or ignoring SIGTTOU
-signals are excepted and allowed to produce output and the SIGTTOU signal
+current output stream.  Processes that are blocking or ignoring
+.Dv SIGTTOU
+signals are excepted and allowed to produce output and the
+.Dv SIGTTOU
+signal

 is not sent.
 is not sent.

-.PP
-If NOKERNINFO is set, the kernel shall not produce a status message
-when processing STATUS characters (see STATUS).
-.LP
-.B "Special Control Characters"
-.LP
-The special control characters values are defined by the array c_cc. 
+.Pp
+If
+.Dv NOKERNINFO
+is set, the kernel shall not produce a status message
+when processing
+.Dv STATUS
+characters (see
+.Dv STATUS ) .
+.Ss Special Control Characters
+The special control characters values are defined by the array c_cc.

 This table lists the array index, the corresponding special character,
 and the system default value.  For an accurate list of
 This table lists the array index, the corresponding special character,
 and the system default value.  For an accurate list of

-the system defaults, consult the header file <ttydefaults.h>.
-.nf
-       (XXX cael - make into table)
-       Index Name      Special Character       Default Value
-       ----------      -----------------       -------------
-       VEOF            EOF                     ^D
-       VEOL            EOL                     _POSIX_VDISABLE
-       VEOL2           EOL2                    _POSIX_VDISABLE
-       VERASE          ERASE                   ^? ('\\177')
-       VWERASE         WERASE                  ^W
-       VKILL           KILL                    ^U
-       VREPRINT        REPRINT                 ^R
-       VINTR           INTR                    ^C
-       VQUIT           QUIT                    ^\\ ('\\34')
-       VSUSP           SUSP                    ^Z
-       VDSUSP          DSUSP                   ^Y
-       VSTART          START                   ^Q
-       VSTOP           STOP                    ^S
-       VLNEXT          LNEXT                   ^V
-       VDISCARD        DISCARD                 ^O
-       VMIN            ---                     1
-       VTIME           ---                     0
-       VSTATUS         STATUS                  ^T
-.fi
-.PP
+the system defaults, consult the header file
+.Aq Pa ttydefaults.h .
+.Pp
+.Bl -column "Index Name" "Special Character" -offset indent -compact
+.It Em "Index Name     Special Character       Default Value"
+.It Dv VEOF Ta EOF Ta \&^D
+.It Dv VEOL Ta EOL Ta _POSIX_VDISABLE
+.It Dv VEOL2 Ta EOL2 Ta _POSIX_VDISABLE
+.It Dv VERASE Ta ERASE Ta \&^? Ql \&\e177
+.It Dv VWERASE  Ta WERASE Ta \&^W
+.It Dv VKILL Ta KILL Ta \&^U
+.It Dv VREPRINT Ta REPRINT Ta \&^R
+.It Dv VINTR Ta INTR Ta \&^C
+.It Dv VQUIT Ta QUIT Ta \&^\e\e Ql \&\e34
+.It Dv VSUSP Ta SUSP Ta \&^Z
+.It Dv VDSUSP Ta DSUSP Ta \&^Y
+.It Dv VSTART Ta START Ta \&^Q
+.It Dv VSTOP Ta STOP Ta \&^S
+.It Dv VLNEXT Ta LNEXT Ta \&^V
+.It Dv VDISCARD Ta DISCARD Ta \&^O
+.It Dv VMIN Ta --- Ta \&1
+.It Dv VTIME Ta --- Ta \&0
+.It Dv VSTATUS Ta STATUS Ta \&^T
+.El
+.Pp

 If the
 If the

-value of one of the changeable special control characters (see "Special
-Characters")
-is {_POSIX_VDISABLE}, that function shall be disabled; that is, no input
-data shall be recognized as the disabled special character.  If ICANON is
-not set, the value of {_POSIX_VDISABLE} has no special meaning for the
-VMIN and VTIME entries of the c_cc array.
-.PP
-The initial values of the flags and control characters 
+value of one of the changeable special control characters (see
+.Sx "Special Characters" )
+is
+.Dv {_POSIX_VDISABLE} ,
+that function shall be disabled; that is, no input
+data shall be recognized as the disabled special character.
+If
+.Dv ICANON
+is
+not set, the value of
+.Dv {_POSIX_VDISABLE}
+has no special meaning for the
+.Dv VMIN
+and
+.Dv VTIME
+entries of the
+.Fa c_cc
+array.
+.Pp
+The initial values of the flags and control characters

 after open() is set according to
 after open() is set according to

-the values in the header <sys/ttydefaults.h>.
+the values in the header
+.Aq Pa sys/ttydefaults.h .