SCCS-vsn: lib/libc/sys/intro.2 6.6
-.\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California.
+.\" Copyright (c) 1980,1983,1986 Regents of the University of California.
.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement
.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.
.\"
.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement
.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.
.\"
-.\" @(#)intro.2 6.5 (Berkeley) %G%
+.\" @(#)intro.2 6.6 (Berkeley) %G%
.SH NAME
intro \- introduction to system calls and error numbers
.SH SYNOPSIS
.SH NAME
intro \- introduction to system calls and error numbers
.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B #include <sys/errno.h>
.SH DESCRIPTION
This section describes all of the system calls. Most
of these calls have one or more error returns.
An error condition is indicated by an otherwise impossible return
value. This is almost always \-1; the individual descriptions
specify the details.
.SH DESCRIPTION
This section describes all of the system calls. Most
of these calls have one or more error returns.
An error condition is indicated by an otherwise impossible return
value. This is almost always \-1; the individual descriptions
specify the details.
+Note that a number of system calls overload the meanings of these
+error numbers, and that the meanings must be interpreted according
+to the type and circumstances of the call.
.PP
As with normal arguments, all return codes and values from
functions are of type integer unless otherwise noted.
.PP
As with normal arguments, all return codes and values from
functions are of type integer unless otherwise noted.
.PP
The following is a complete list of the errors and their
names as given in
.PP
The following is a complete list of the errors and their
names as given in
.en 0 \h'\w'EIO'u' "Error 0
Unused.
.en 1 EPERM "Not owner
.en 0 \h'\w'EIO'u' "Error 0
Unused.
.en 1 EPERM "Not owner
and the file should exist but doesn't, or when one
of the directories in a path name does not exist.
.en 3 ESRCH "No such process
and the file should exist but doesn't, or when one
of the directories in a path name does not exist.
.en 3 ESRCH "No such process
-The process whose number was given to
-.I kill
-and
-.I ptrace
-does not exist, or is already dead.
+The process or process group whose number was given
+does not exist, or any such process is already dead.
.en 4 EINTR "Interrupted system call
An asynchronous signal (such as interrupt or quit)
that the user has elected to catch
occurred during a system call.
If execution is resumed
.en 4 EINTR "Interrupted system call
An asynchronous signal (such as interrupt or quit)
that the user has elected to catch
occurred during a system call.
If execution is resumed
-after processing the signal,
+after processing the signal
+and the system call is not restarted,
it will appear as if the interrupted system call
returned this error condition.
.en 5 EIO "I/O error
it will appear as if the interrupted system call
returned this error condition.
.en 5 EIO "I/O error
unit number is selected
or a disk pack is not loaded on a drive.
.en 7 E2BIG "Arg list too long
unit number is selected
or a disk pack is not loaded on a drive.
.en 7 E2BIG "Arg list too long
-An argument list longer than 10240 bytes
+An argument list longer than 20480 bytes (or the current limit, NCARGS in
+.IR <sys/param.h> )
is presented to
.IR execve .
.en 8 ENOEXEC "Exec format error
is presented to
.IR execve .
.en 8 ENOEXEC "Exec format error
or
.I break,
a program asks for more core or swap space than the system is
or
.I break,
a program asks for more core or swap space than the system is
+able to supply,
+or a process size limit would be exceeded.
A lack of swap space is normally a temporary condition, however
a lack of core
is not a temporary condition; the maximum size
of the text, data, and stack segments is a system parameter.
A lack of swap space is normally a temporary condition, however
a lack of core
is not a temporary condition; the maximum size
of the text, data, and stack segments is a system parameter.
+Soft limits may be increased to their corresponding hard limits.
.en 13 EACCES "Permission denied
An attempt was made to access a file in a way forbidden
by the protection system.
.en 13 EACCES "Permission denied
An attempt was made to access a file in a way forbidden
by the protection system.
An attempt to mount a device that was already mounted or
an attempt was made to dismount a device
on which there is an active file
An attempt to mount a device that was already mounted or
an attempt was made to dismount a device
on which there is an active file
-directory.
-(open file, current directory, mounted-on file, active text segment).
+(open file, current directory, mounted-on file, or active text segment).
A request was made to an exclusive access device that was already in use.
.en 17 EEXIST "File exists
An existing file was mentioned in an inappropriate context,
A request was made to an exclusive access device that was already in use.
.en 17 EEXIST "File exists
An existing file was mentioned in an inappropriate context,
was attempted.
.en 19 ENODEV "No such device
An attempt was made to apply an inappropriate
was attempted.
.en 19 ENODEV "No such device
An attempt was made to apply an inappropriate
-system call to a device;
-e.g. read a write-only device.
+system call to a device,
+e.g. to read a write-only device,
+or the device is not configured by the system.
.en 20 ENOTDIR "Not a directory
A non-directory was specified where a directory
is required,
.en 20 ENOTDIR "Not a directory
A non-directory was specified where a directory
is required,
device,
mentioning an unknown signal in
.I signal,
device,
mentioning an unknown signal in
.I signal,
-reading or writing a file for which
-.I seek
-has generated a negative pointer.
+or some other argument inappropriate for the call.
Also set by math functions, see
Also set by math functions, see
.en 23 ENFILE "File table overflow
The system's table of open files is full,
and temporarily no more
.en 23 ENFILE "File table overflow
The system's table of open files is full,
and temporarily no more
.en 24 EMFILE "Too many open files
As released, the limit on the number of
open files per process is 64.
.en 24 EMFILE "Too many open files
As released, the limit on the number of
open files per process is 64.
+.IR Getdtablesize (2)
+will obtain the current limit.
Customary configuration limit on most other UNIX systems
is 20 per process.
.en 25 ENOTTY "Inappropriate ioctl for device
The file mentioned in an
.I ioctl
Customary configuration limit on most other UNIX systems
is 20 per process.
.en 25 ENOTTY "Inappropriate ioctl for device
The file mentioned in an
.I ioctl
-is not a terminal or one of the other
+is not a terminal or one of the
devices to which this call applies.
.en 26 ETXTBSY "Text file busy
An attempt to execute a pure-procedure
devices to which this call applies.
.en 26 ETXTBSY "Text file busy
An attempt to execute a pure-procedure
program that is being executed.
.en 27 EFBIG "File too large
The size of a file exceeded the maximum (about
program that is being executed.
.en 27 EFBIG "File too large
The size of a file exceeded the maximum (about
-.if t 10\u\s-29\s+2\d
-.if n 1.0E9
+.if t 2\u\s-231\s+2\d
+.if n 2.1E9
bytes).
.en 28 ENOSPC "No space left on device
A
bytes).
.en 28 ENOSPC "No space left on device
A
.en 29 ESPIPE "Illegal seek
An
.I lseek
.en 29 ESPIPE "Illegal seek
An
.I lseek
+was issued to a socket or pipe.
This error may also be issued for
other non-seekable devices.
.en 30 EROFS "Read-only file system
This error may also be issued for
other non-seekable devices.
.en 30 EROFS "Read-only file system
A write on a pipe or socket for which there is no process
to read the data.
This condition normally generates a signal;
A write on a pipe or socket for which there is no process
to read the data.
This condition normally generates a signal;
-the error is returned if the signal is ignored.
+the error is returned if the signal is caught or ignored.
.en 33 EDOM "Argument too large
The argument of a function in the math package (3M)
is out of the domain of the function.
.en 33 EDOM "Argument too large
The argument of a function in the math package (3M)
is out of the domain of the function.
is unrepresentable within machine precision.
.en 35 EWOULDBLOCK "Operation would block"
An operation that would cause a process to block was attempted
is unrepresentable within machine precision.
.en 35 EWOULDBLOCK "Operation would block"
An operation that would cause a process to block was attempted
-on a object in non-blocking mode (see \fIioctl\fP (2)).
+on a object in non-blocking mode (see \fIfcntl\fP(2)).
.en 36 EINPROGRESS "Operation now in progress"
An operation that takes a long time to complete (such as
.en 36 EINPROGRESS "Operation now in progress"
An operation that takes a long time to complete (such as
-a \fIconnect\fP (2)) was attempted on a non-blocking object (see
-\fIioctl\fP (2)).
+a \fIconnect\fP(2)) was attempted on a non-blocking object (see
+\fIfcntl\fP(2)).
.en 37 EALREADY "Operation already in progress"
An operation was attempted on a non-blocking object that already
had an operation in progress.
.en 37 EALREADY "Operation already in progress"
An operation was attempted on a non-blocking object that already
had an operation in progress.
.en 39 EDESTADDRREQ "Destination address required"
A required address was omitted from an operation on a socket.
.en 40 EMSGSIZE "Message too long"
.en 39 EDESTADDRREQ "Destination address required"
A required address was omitted from an operation on a socket.
.en 40 EMSGSIZE "Message too long"
-A message sent on a socket was larger than the internal message buffer.
+A message sent on a socket was larger than the internal message buffer
+or some other network limit.
.en 41 EPROTOTYPE "Protocol wrong type for socket"
A protocol was specified that does not support the semantics of the
socket type requested. For example you cannot use the ARPA Internet
UDP protocol with type SOCK_STREAM.
.en 42 ENOPROTOOPT "Option not supported by protocol
.en 41 EPROTOTYPE "Protocol wrong type for socket"
A protocol was specified that does not support the semantics of the
socket type requested. For example you cannot use the ARPA Internet
UDP protocol with type SOCK_STREAM.
.en 42 ENOPROTOOPT "Option not supported by protocol
-A bad option was specified in a
+A bad option or level was specified in a
.IR getsockopt (2)
or
.IR setsockopt (2)
.IR getsockopt (2)
or
.IR setsockopt (2)
system or no implementation for it exists.
.en 47 EAFNOSUPPORT "Address family not supported by protocol family"
An address incompatible with the requested protocol was used.
system or no implementation for it exists.
.en 47 EAFNOSUPPORT "Address family not supported by protocol family"
An address incompatible with the requested protocol was used.
-For example, you shouldn't necessarily expect to be able to use PUP
-Internet addresses with ARPA Internet protocols.
+For example, you shouldn't necessarily expect to be able to use NS
+addresses with ARPA Internet protocols.
.en 48 EADDRINUSE "Address already in use"
Only one usage of each address is normally permitted.
.en 49 EADDRNOTAVAIL "Can't assign requested address"
.en 48 EADDRINUSE "Address already in use"
Only one usage of each address is normally permitted.
.en 49 EADDRNOTAVAIL "Can't assign requested address"
A connection abort was caused internal to your host machine.
.en 54 ECONNRESET "Connection reset by peer"
A connection was forcibly closed by a peer. This normally
A connection abort was caused internal to your host machine.
.en 54 ECONNRESET "Connection reset by peer"
A connection was forcibly closed by a peer. This normally
-results from the peer executing a \fIshutdown\fP (2) call.
+results from a loss of the connection on the remote socket
+due to a timeout or a reboot.
.en 55 ENOBUFS "No buffer space available"
An operation on a socket or pipe was not performed because
.en 55 ENOBUFS "No buffer space available"
An operation on a socket or pipe was not performed because
-the system lacked sufficient buffer space.
+the system lacked sufficient buffer space or because a queue was full.
.en 56 EISCONN "Socket is already connected"
A
.I connect
.en 56 EISCONN "Socket is already connected"
A
.I connect
or
.I sendmsg
request on a connected socket specified a destination
or
.I sendmsg
request on a connected socket specified a destination
-other than the connected party.
.en 57 ENOTCONN "Socket is not connected"
An request to send or receive data was disallowed because
.en 57 ENOTCONN "Socket is not connected"
An request to send or receive data was disallowed because
-the socket is not connected.
+the socket is not connected and (when sending on a datagram socket)
+no address was supplied.
.en 58 ESHUTDOWN "Can't send after socket shutdown"
A request to send data was disallowed because the socket
had already been shut down with a previous
.en 58 ESHUTDOWN "Can't send after socket shutdown"
A request to send data was disallowed because the socket
had already been shut down with a previous
.en 60 ETIMEDOUT "Connection timed out"
A
.I connect
.en 60 ETIMEDOUT "Connection timed out"
A
.I connect
request failed because the connected party did not
properly respond after a period of time. (The timeout
period is dependent on the communication protocol.)
request failed because the connected party did not
properly respond after a period of time. (The timeout
period is dependent on the communication protocol.)
.en 62 ELOOP "Too many levels of symbolic links"
A path name lookup involved more than 8 symbolic links.
.en 63 ENAMETOOLONG "File name too long"
.en 62 ELOOP "Too many levels of symbolic links"
A path name lookup involved more than 8 symbolic links.
.en 63 ENAMETOOLONG "File name too long"
-A component of a path name exceeded 255 characters, or an entire
-path name exceeded 1023 characters.
+A component of a path name exceeded 255 (MAXNAMELEN) characters, or an entire
+path name exceeded 1023 (MAXPATHLEN-1) characters.
.en 64 EHOSTDOWN "Host is down"
A socket operation failed because the destination host was down.
.en 65 EHOSTUNREACH "Host is unreachable"
.en 64 EHOSTDOWN "Host is down"
A socket operation failed because the destination host was down.
.en 65 EHOSTUNREACH "Host is unreachable"
...en 68 EUSERS "Too many users"
.en 69 EDQUOT "Disc quota exceeded"
A
...en 68 EUSERS "Too many users"
.en 69 EDQUOT "Disc quota exceeded"
A
to an ordinary file, the creation of a
directory or symbolic link, or the creation of a directory
entry failed because the user's quota of disk blocks was
to an ordinary file, the creation of a
directory or symbolic link, or the creation of a directory
entry failed because the user's quota of disk blocks was
Process ID
.br
Each active process in the system is uniquely identified by a positive
Process ID
.br
Each active process in the system is uniquely identified by a positive
-integer called a process ID. The range of this ID is from 0 to {PROC_MAX}.
+integer called a process ID. The range of this ID is from 0 to 30000.
.TP 5
Parent process ID
.br
.TP 5
Parent process ID
.br
.br
Each active process is a member of a process group that is identified by
a positive integer called the process group ID. This is the process
.br
Each active process is a member of a process group that is identified by
a positive integer called the process group ID. This is the process
-ID of the group leader. This grouping permits the signalling of related
+ID of the group leader. This grouping permits the signaling of related
processes (see
.IR killpg (2))
and the job control mechanisms of
processes (see
.IR killpg (2))
and the job control mechanisms of
.br
An integer assigned by the system when a file is referenced
by
.br
An integer assigned by the system when a file is referenced
by
-or
-.IR pipe (2)
-or when a socket is referenced by
+or when a socket is created by
+.IR pipe (2),
.IR socket (2)
or
.IR socketpair (2),
.IR socket (2)
or
.IR socketpair (2),
-Names consisting of up to {FILENAME_MAX} characters may be used to name
+Names consisting of up to 255 (MAXNAMELEN) characters may be used to name
an ordinary file, special file, or directory.
.IP
These characters may be selected from the set of all ASCII character
an ordinary file, special file, or directory.
.IP
These characters may be selected from the set of all ASCII character
A path name is a null-terminated character string starting with an
optional slash (/), followed by zero or more directory names separated
by slashes, optionally followed by a file name.
A path name is a null-terminated character string starting with an
optional slash (/), followed by zero or more directory names separated
by slashes, optionally followed by a file name.
-The total length of a path name must be less than {PATHNAME_MAX} characters.
+The total length of a path name must be less than 1024 (MAXPATHLEN) characters.
.IP
If a path name begins with a slash, the path search begins at the
.I root
.IP
If a path name begins with a slash, the path search begins at the
.I root
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