+.SH
+.LG
+.ce
+Section 8
+.SM
+.NL
+.PP
+Major changes affecting system operations include:
+.IP \(bu 3
+The system now supports disk quotas. These allow system
+administrators to control users' disk space and file
+allocation on a per-file system basis. Utilities in this
+section exist for fixing, summarizing, and editing disk
+quota summary files.
+.IP \(bu 3
+File systems are now made with a new program, newfs,
+which acts as front end to the old mkfs program. There
+no longer is a need to remember disk partition sizes, as
+newfs gets this information automatically from the /etc/disktab
+file. In addition, newfs attempts to lay out file systems
+according to the characteristics of the underlying disk
+drive (taking into account disk geometry information).
+.IP \(bu 3
+DEC standard bad block forwarding is now supported on the RP06
+and second vendor UNIBUS storage module disks. The bad144 program
+can now be used to mark sectors bad on many disks, though
+inclusion in the bad sector table is still somewhat risky
+due to requirements in the ordering of entries in the table.
+.IP \(bu 3
+A new program, format, should be used to initialize all
+non-DEC storage modules before creating file systems.
+Format formats the sector headers and creates a bad sector
+table which is used in normal system operation. Format runs
+in a standalone mode.
+.IP \(bu 3
+Getty has been rewritten to use a description file, /etc/gettytab.
+This allows sites to tailor terminal operation and configuration
+without making modifications to getty.
+.IP \(bu 3
+The line printer system is totally new. A program to administer
+the operation of printers, lpc, is supplied, and printer accounting
+has been consolidated into a single program, pac.
+.IP \(bu 3
+The program used to restore files from dump tapes is now called
+\fIrestore\fP. This name change was done to reinforce the fact that it is
+completely rewritten and operates in a very different way than
+the old restor program. Restore operates on mounted file systems
+and uses only normal file system operations to restore files.
+Versions of both dump and restore which operate across a network
+are included as rdump and rrestore. Dump and restore (and their
+network oriented counterparts) now perform so efficiently (mostly
+because of the new file system), that disk to
+disk backups should no longer be an attractive alternative.
+.sp
+.PP
+.BP arff
+No longer asks if you want to clobber the floppy when manipulating
+archives which are not on the floppy.
+.BP bad144
+Has been modified to use the /etc/disktab file. Can be used
+to create bad sector tables for the DEC RP06 and several
+new Winchester disk drives. Consult the source code for
+details and use with extreme care.
+.BP badsect
+Has been modified to work with the new file system and now
+must interact with fsck to perform its duties. Consult
+the manual page for more information.
+.BP bugfiler
+Is a new program for automatic filing and acknowledgement
+of bug reports submitted by the sendbug program. Intended
+to operate with the Rand MH software which is part of the
+user contributed software. Used at Berkeley to process
+bug reports on 4.2BSD.
+.BP chgrp
+Has been moved to section 1.
+.BP comsat
+Has been changed to filter the noise lines in message headers
+when displaying incoming mail. No longer uses a
+second process watchdog as it uses the more reliable socket facilities
+instead of the old mpx facilities.
+.BP config
+Has been extensively modified to handle the new root and
+swap device specification syntax. A new document,
+\&``Configuring 4.2BSD UNIX Systems with Config'', describes
+its use, as well as other important information needed
+in configuring system images; this is part of Volume 2C
+of the programmer's manual.
+.BP diskpart
+Is a new program which may be used to generate disk
+partition tables according to the rules used at Berkeley.
+Can automatically generate entries required for device
+drivers and for the /etc/diskpart file. (Does not handle
+the new DEC DSA style drives properly because it tries
+to reserve space for the bad sector table.)
+.BP drtest
+Is a new standalone program which is useful in testing
+standalone disk device drivers and for pinpointing
+bad sectors on a disk.
+.BP dump
+Has been modified for the new file system organization.
+Mainly due to the new file system, it runs virtually
+at tape speed. Properly handles locking on the dumpdates
+file when multiple dumps are performed concurrently on
+the same machine.
+.BP dumpfs
+Is a new program for dumping out information about a file
+system such as the block size and disk layout information.
+.BP edquota
+Is a new program for editing user quotas. Operates by
+invoking your favorite editor on an ASCII representation
+of the information stored in the binary quota files.
+Edquota also has a ``replication'' mode whereby a
+quota template may be used to create quotas for a
+group of users.
+.BP fastboot
+Is a new shell script which reboots the system without
+checking the file systems; should be used with extreme
+care.
+.BP fasthalt
+Is a new script which is similar to fastboot.
+.BP format
+Is a new standalone program for formatting non-DEC
+storage modules and creating the appropriate bad
+sector table on the disk.
+.BP fsck
+Has been changed for the new file system. Fsck
+is more paranoid then ever in checking the disks,
+and has been sped up significantly. The accompanying
+Volume 2C document has been updated to reflect the
+new file system organization.
+.BP ftpd
+Is the DARPA File Transfer Protocol server program.
+It supports C shell style globbing of arguments
+and a large set of the commands in the specification (except
+the ABORT command!).
+.BP gettable
+Is a new program which can be used in aquiring up to
+date DARPA Internet host database files.
+.BP getty
+Has been rewritten to use a terminal description database,
+/etc/gettytab. Consult the manual entries for \fIgetty\fP\|(8)
+and \fIgettytab\fP\|(5) for more information.
+.BP icheck
+Has been modified for the new file system.
+.BP init
+Has been significantly modified to use the new signal
+facilities. In doing so, several race conditions related
+to signal delivery have been fixed.
+.BP kgmon
+Is a new program for controlling running systems which have
+been created with kernel profiling. Using kgmon, profiling
+can be turned on or off and internal profiling buffers can
+dumped into a gmon.out file suiitable for interpretation
+by gprof.
+.BP lpc
+Is a new program controlling line printers and their associated
+spooling queues. Lpc can be used to enable and disable printers
+and/or their spooling queues. Lpc can also be used to rearrange
+existing jobs in a queue.
+.BP lpd
+Has been rewritten and now runs as a ``server'', using the
+interprocess communication facilities to service print
+requests. A supplementary document describing the line
+printer system is now part of Volume 2C of the programmer's
+manual.
+.BP MAKEDEV
+.br
+Is a new shell script which resides in /dev and is used
+to create special files there. MAKEDEV keeps commands for
+creating and manipulating local devices in a separate file
+MAKEDEV.local.
+.BP mkfs
+Has been virtually rewritten for the new file system.
+The arguments supplied are very different. For the
+most part, users now use the newfs program when
+creating file systems. Mkfs now automatically creates the
+lost+found directory.
+.BP mount
+Now indicates file systems which are
+mounted read-only or have disk quotas enabled.
+.BP newfs
+Is a new front-end to the mkfs program. Newfs figures
+out the appropriate parameters to supply to mkfs,
+invokes it, and then, if necessary, installs the
+boot blocks necessary to bootstrap UNIX on 11/750's.
+.BP pac
+Is a new program which can be used to do printer accounting on
+any printer. It subsumes the vpac program.
+.BP quot
+Now uses the information in the inode of each file to
+find out how many blocks are allocated to it.
+.BP quotacheck
+.br
+Is a new program which performs consistency checks
+on disk quota files.
+Quotacheck is normally run from the /etc/rc.local
+file after a system is rebooted, though it can also be run
+on mounted on file systems which are not in use.
+.BP quotaon
+Is a new program which enables disk quotas on
+file systems. A link to quotaon, named quotaoff,
+is used to disable disk quotas on file systems.
+.BP pstat
+Has been modified to understand new kernel data structures.
+.BP rc
+Has had system dependent startup commands moved to /etc/rc.local.
+.BP rdump
+Is a new program to dump file systems across a network.
+.BP renice
+Has been rewritten to use the new setpriority system call.
+As a result, you can now renice users and process groups.
+.BP repquota
+Is a new program which summarizes disk quotas on one or
+more file systems.
+.BP restor
+No longer exists. A new program, restore, is its successor.
+.BP restore
+Replaces restor. Restore operates on mounted file systems;
+it contains an interactive mode and can be used to restore
+files by name. Restore has become almost as flexible to use
+as tar in retrieving files from tape.
+.BP rexecd
+Is a network server for the \fIrexec\fP\|(3X) library routine.
+Supports remote command execution where authentication is
+performed using user accounts and passwords.
+.BP rlogind
+Is a network server for the \fIrlogin\fP\|(1C) command.
+Supports remote login sessions where authentication is
+performed using privileged port numbers and two files,
+/etc/hosts.equiv and .rhosts (in each users home directory).
+.BP rmt
+Is a program used by rrestore and rdump for doing remote
+tape operations.
+.BP route
+Is a program for manually manipulating network routing
+tables.
+.BP routed
+Is a routing daemon which uses a variant of the Xerox
+Routing Information Protocol to automatically maintain
+up to date routing tables.
+.BP rrestore
+Is a version of restore which works across a network.
+.BP rshd
+Is a server for the \fIrsh\fP\|(1C) command. It
+supports remote command execution using privileged
+port numbers and the /etc/hosts.equiv and .rhosts
+files in users' home directories.
+.BP rwhod
+Is a server which generates and listens for host status
+information on local networks. The information stored
+by rwhod is used by the \fIrwho\fP\|(1C) and\fIruptime\fP\|(1C)
+programs.
+.BP rxformat
+Is a program for formatting floppy disks (this uses
+the \fIrx\fP device driver, not the console floppy interface).
+.BP savecore
+Has been modified to get many pieces of information
+from the running system and crash dump to avoid compiled
+in constants.
+.BP sendmail
+Is a new program replacing delivermail; it provides fully
+internetwork mail forwarding capabilities. Sendmail uses
+the DARPA standard SMTP protocol to send and receive mail.
+Sendmail uses a configuration file to control its operation,
+eliminating the compiled in description used in delivermail.
+.BP setifaddr
+Is a new program used to set a network interface's address.
+Calls to this program are normally placed in the /etc/rc.local
+file to configure the network hardware present on a machine.
+.BP syslog
+Is a server which receives system logging messages. Currently,
+only the sendmail program uses this server.
+.BP telnetd
+Is a server for the DARPA standard TELNET protocol.
+.BP tftpd
+Is a server for the DARPA Trivial File Transfer Protocol.
+.BP trpt
+Is a program used in debugging TCP. Trpt transliterates
+protocol trace information recorded by TCP in a circular buffer in
+kernel memory.
+.BP tunefs
+Is a program for modifying certain parameters in the
+super block of file systems.
+.BP vipw
+Is no longer a shell script and properly interacts
+with passwd, chsh, and chfn in locking the password file.
projects / unix-history / commitdiff