--- /dev/null
+
+
+
+BASENAME(1L) BASENAME(1L)
+
+
+N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
+ basename - strip directory and suffix from filenames
+
+S\bSY\bYN\bNO\bOP\bPS\bSI\bIS\bS
+ b\bba\bas\bse\ben\bna\bam\bme\be name [suffix]
+
+D\bDE\bES\bSC\bCR\bRI\bIP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
+ This manual page documents the GNU version of b\bba\bas\bse\ben\bna\bam\bme\be.
+ The b\bba\bas\bse\ben\bna\bam\bme\be command removes any leading path from _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be;
+ If _\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx is specified and is identical to the end of
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, it is removed from _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be as well. b\bba\bas\bse\ben\bna\bam\bme\be prints
+ the resulting name on the standard output.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1
+
+
--- /dev/null
+
+
+
+DATE(1L) DATE(1L)
+
+
+N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
+ date - print or set the system date and time
+
+S\bSY\bYN\bNO\bOP\bPS\bSI\bIS\bS
+ d\bda\bat\bte\be [-u] [-s new-date] [+FORMAT] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
+
+D\bDE\bES\bSC\bCR\bRI\bIP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
+ This manual page documents the GNU version of d\bda\bat\bte\be. d\bda\bat\bte\be
+ with no arguments prints the current time and date (in the
+ format of the `%c' directive described below). If given
+ an argument that starts with a `+', it prints the current
+ time and date in a format controlled by that argument,
+ which has the same format as the format string passed to
+ the `strftime' function. Except for directives that start
+ with `%', characters in that string are printed unchanged.
+
+ The directives are:
+
+ % a literal %
+
+ n a newline
+
+ t a horizontal tab
+
+ Time fields:
+
+ %H hour (00..23)
+
+ %I hour (00..12)
+
+ %M minute (00..59)
+
+ %p locale's AM or PM
+
+ %r time, 12-hour (hh:mm:ss [AP]M)
+
+ %S second (00..61)
+
+ %T time, 24-hour (hh:mm:ss)
+
+ %X locale's time representation (%H:%M:%S)
+
+ %Z time zone (e.g., EDT), or nothing if no time zone
+ is determinable
+
+ Date fields:
+
+ %a locale's abbreviated weekday name (Sun..Sat)
+
+ %A locale's full weekday name, variable length (Sun-
+ day..Saturday)
+
+ %b locale's abbreviated month name (Jan..Dec)
+
+
+
+
+ 1
+
+
+
+
+
+DATE(1L) DATE(1L)
+
+
+ %B locale's full month name, variable length (Jan-
+ uary..December)
+
+ %c locale's date and time (Sat Nov 04 12:02:33 EST
+ 1989)
+
+ %d day of month (01..31)
+
+ %D date (mm/dd/yy)
+
+ %h same as %b
+
+ %j day of year (001..366)
+
+ %m month (01..12)
+
+ %U week number of year with Sunday as first day of
+ week (00..53)
+
+ %w day of week (0..6)
+
+ %W week number of year with Monday as first day of
+ week (00..53)
+
+ %x locale's date representation (mm/dd/yy)
+
+ %y last two digits of year (00..99)
+
+ %Y year (1970...)
+
+ If given an argument that does not start with `+', d\bda\bat\bte\be
+ sets the system clock to the time and date specified by
+ that argument. The argument must consist entirely of dig-
+ its, which have the following meaning:
+
+ MM month
+
+ DD day within month
+
+ hh hour
+
+ mm minute
+
+ CC first two digits of year (optional)
+
+ YY last two digits of year (optional)
+
+ ss second (optional)
+
+ Only the superuser can set the system clock.
+
+ O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
+ -_\bs _\bn_\be_\bw-_\bd_\ba_\bt_\be
+ Set the time and date to _\bn_\be_\bw-_\bd_\ba_\bt_\be, which can be in
+
+
+
+ 2
+
+
+
+
+
+DATE(1L) DATE(1L)
+
+
+ almost any common format. It can contain month
+ names, timezones, `am' and `pm', etc.
+
+ -_\bu Print or set the time and date in Universal Coordi-
+ nated Time (also known as Greenwich Mean Time)
+ instead of in local (wall clock) time.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 3
+
+
--- /dev/null
+
+
+
+DIRNAME(1L) DIRNAME(1L)
+
+
+N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
+ dirname - strip filename suffix from pathname
+
+S\bSY\bYN\bNO\bOP\bPS\bSI\bIS\bS
+ d\bdi\bir\brn\bna\bam\bme\be path
+
+D\bDE\bES\bSC\bCR\bRI\bIP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
+ This manual page documents the GNU version of d\bdi\bir\brn\bna\bam\bme\be.
+ d\bdi\bir\brn\bna\bam\bme\be prints the leading path part of the pathname _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh.
+ If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh does not contain a leading path, d\bdi\bir\brn\bna\bam\bme\be prints
+ `.' (meaning the current directory).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1
+
+
--- /dev/null
+
+
+
+ENV(1L) ENV(1L)
+
+
+N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
+ env - run a program in a modified environment
+
+S\bSY\bYN\bNO\bOP\bPS\bSI\bIS\bS
+ e\ben\bnv\bv [-] [-i] [-u name] [--ignore-environment]
+ [--unset=name] [name=value]... [command [args...]]
+
+D\bDE\bES\bSC\bCR\bRI\bIP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
+ This manual page documents the GNU version of e\ben\bnv\bv. e\ben\bnv\bv
+ runs a command with an environment modified as specified
+ by the command line arguments. Arguments of the form
+ `variable=value' set the environment variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be to
+ value _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be may be empty (`variable='). Setting a
+ variable to an empty value is different from unsetting it.
+
+ The first remaining argument specifies a program to
+ invoke; it is searched for according to the specification
+ of the PATH environment variable. Any arguments following
+ that are passed as arguments to that program.
+
+ If no command name is specified following the environment
+ specifications, the resulting environment is printed.
+ This is like specifying a command name of `printenv'.
+
+ O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
+ -_\bu, --_\bu_\bn_\bs_\be_\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ Remove variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the environment, if it
+ was in the environment.
+
+ -, -_\bi, --_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be-_\be_\bn_\bv_\bi_\br_\bo_\bn_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt
+ Start with an empty environment, ignoring the
+ inherited environment.
+
+ The long-named options can be introduced with `+' as well
+ as `--', for compatibility with previous releases. Even-
+ tually support for `+' will be removed, because it is
+ incompatible with the POSIX.2 standard.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1
+
+
--- /dev/null
+
+
+
+EXPR(1L) EXPR(1L)
+
+
+N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
+ expr - evaluate expressions
+
+S\bSY\bYN\bNO\bOP\bPS\bSI\bIS\bS
+ e\bex\bxp\bpr\br expression...
+
+D\bDE\bES\bSC\bCR\bRI\bIP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
+ This manual page documents the GNU version of e\bex\bxp\bpr\br. e\bex\bxp\bpr\br
+ evaluates an expression and writes the result on its stan-
+ dard output. Each token of the expression must be a sepa-
+ rate argument. Operands are either numbers or strings.
+ Strings are not quoted for e\bex\bxp\bpr\br, though you may need to
+ quote them to protect them from the shell. e\bex\bxp\bpr\br coerces
+ anything appearing in an operand position to an integer or
+ a string depending on the operation being applied to it.
+
+ The operators (in order of increasing precedence) are:
+
+ | yields its first argument if it is neither null nor
+ 0, otherwise its second argument. This is the
+ usual `or' operation.
+
+ & yields its first argument if neither argument is
+ null or 0, otherwise 0.
+
+ < <= = != >= >
+ compare their arguments and return `1' if the rela-
+ tion is true, 0 otherwise. e\bex\bxp\bpr\br tries to coerce
+ both arguments to numbers and do a numeric compari-
+ son; if it fails when trying to coerce either argu-
+ ment it then does a lexicographic comparison.
+
+ + - perform arithmetic operations. Both arguments are
+ coerced to numbers; an error occurs if this cannot
+ be done.
+
+ * / % perform arithmetic operations (`%' is the remainder
+ operation, as in C). Both arguments are coerced to
+ numbers; an error occurs if this cannot be done.
+
+ : performs pattern matching. Its arguments are
+ coerced to strings and the second one is considered
+ to be a regular expression, with a `^' implicitly
+ added at the beginning. The first argument is then
+ matched against this regular expression. If the
+ match succeeds and part of the string is enclosed
+ in `\(' and `\)', that part is the value of the :
+ expression; otherwise an integer whose value is the
+ number of characters matched is returned. If the
+ match fails, the : operator returns the null string
+ if `\(' and `\)' are used, otherwise 0. Only one
+ `\(' and `\)' pair can be used.
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1
+
+
+
+
+
+EXPR(1L) EXPR(1L)
+
+
+ Parentheses are used for grouping in the usual manner.
+
+ Examples:
+
+ To add 1 to the shell variable _\ba:
+
+ a=`expr $a + 1`
+
+ To find the filename part of the pathname stored in vari-
+ able _\ba, which may or may not contain `/':
+
+ expr $a : '.*/\(.*\)' '|' $a
+
+ Note the quoted shell metacharacters.
+
+ e\bex\bxp\bpr\br returns the following exit status:
+
+ 0 if the expression is neither null nor 0,
+ 1 if the expression is null or 0,
+ 2 for invalid expressions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2
+
+
--- /dev/null
+
+
+
+GROUPS(1L) GROUPS(1L)
+
+
+N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
+ groups - print the groups a user is in
+
+S\bSY\bYN\bNO\bOP\bPS\bSI\bIS\bS
+ g\bgr\bro\bou\bup\bps\bs [username...]
+
+D\bDE\bES\bSC\bCR\bRI\bIP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
+ This manual page documents the GNU version of g\bgr\bro\bou\bup\bps\bs.
+ g\bgr\bro\bou\bup\bps\bs prints the names of the supplementary groups that
+ each given _\bu_\bs_\be_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, or the current process if none are
+ given, is in. If user names are given, the name of each
+ user is printed before the list of that user's groups.
+
+ The group lists are equivalent to the output of the com-
+ mand `id -Gn'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1
+
+
--- /dev/null
+
+
+
+ID(1L) ID(1L)
+
+
+N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
+ id - print real and effective UIDs and GIDs
+
+S\bSY\bYN\bNO\bOP\bPS\bSI\bIS\bS
+ i\bid\bd [-gnruG] [--group] [--name] [--real] [--user]
+ [--groups] [username]
+
+D\bDE\bES\bSC\bCR\bRI\bIP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
+ This manual page documents the GNU version of i\bid\bd. i\bid\bd
+ prints information about the given user, or the process
+ running it if no user is specified. By default, it prints
+ the real user ID, real group ID, effective user ID if dif-
+ ferent from the real user ID, effective group ID if dif-
+ ferent from the real group ID, and supplemental group IDs.
+ It prints each of these values preceded by a string iden-
+ tifying it and followed by the corresponding user or group
+ name in parentheses.
+
+ The options cause i\bid\bd to print only part of the above
+ information.
+
+ O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
+ -_\bg, --_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bp
+ Print only the group ID.
+
+ -_\bn, --_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ Print the user or group name instead of the ID num-
+ ber. Requires -_\bu, -_\bg, or -_\bG.
+
+ -_\br, --_\br_\be_\ba_\bl
+ Print the real, instead of effective, user or group
+ ID. Requires -_\bu, -_\bg, or -_\bG.
+
+ -_\bu, --_\bu_\bs_\be_\br
+ Print only the user ID.
+
+ -_\bG, --_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bp_\bs
+ Print only the supplementary groups.
+
+ The long-named options can be introduced with `+' as well
+ as `--', for compatibility with previous releases. Even-
+ tually support for `+' will be removed, because it is
+ incompatible with the POSIX.2 standard.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1
+
+
--- /dev/null
+
+
+
+LOGNAME(1L) LOGNAME(1L)
+
+
+N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
+ logname - print user's login name
+
+S\bSY\bYN\bNO\bOP\bPS\bSI\bIS\bS
+ l\blo\bog\bgn\bna\bam\bme\be
+
+D\bDE\bES\bSC\bCR\bRI\bIP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
+ This manual page documents the GNU version of l\blo\bog\bgn\bna\bam\bme\be.
+ l\blo\bog\bgn\bna\bam\bme\be prints the calling user's name, as found in the
+ file /etc/utmp, and exits with a status of 0. If there is
+ no /etc/utmp entry for the calling process, l\blo\bog\bgn\bna\bam\bme\be prints
+ an error message and exits with a status of 1.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1
+
+
--- /dev/null
+
+
+
+NICE(1L) NICE(1L)
+
+
+N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
+ nice - run a program with modified scheduling priority
+
+S\bSY\bYN\bNO\bOP\bPS\bSI\bIS\bS
+ n\bni\bic\bce\be [-n adjustment] [-adjustment] [--adjust-
+ ment=adjustment] [command [arg...]]
+
+D\bDE\bES\bSC\bCR\bRI\bIP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
+ This manual page documents the GNU version of n\bni\bic\bce\be. If no
+ arguments are given, n\bni\bic\bce\be prints the current sheduling
+ priority, which it inherited. Otherwise, n\bni\bic\bce\be runs the
+ given _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd with its scheduling priority adjusted. If
+ no _\ba_\bd_\bj_\bu_\bs_\bt_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt is given, the priority of the command is
+ incremented by 10. The superuser can specify a negative
+ adjustment. The priority can be adjusted by n\bni\bic\bce\be over the
+ range of -20 (the highest priority) to 19 (the lowest).
+
+ O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
+ -_\bn _\ba_\bd_\bj_\bu_\bs_\bt_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt, -_\ba_\bd_\bj_\bu_\bs_\bt_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt, --_\ba_\bd_\bj_\bu_\bs_\bt_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt=_\ba_\bd_\bj_\bu_\bs_\bt_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt
+ Add _\ba_\bd_\bj_\bu_\bs_\bt_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt instead of 10 to the command's pri-
+ ority.
+
+ The long-named options can be introduced with `+' as well
+ as `--', for compatibility with previous releases. Even-
+ tually support for `+' will be removed, because it is
+ incompatible with the POSIX.2 standard.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1
+
+
--- /dev/null
+
+
+
+NOHUP(1L) NOHUP(1L)
+
+
+N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
+ nohup - run a command immume to hangups, with output to a
+ non-tty
+
+S\bSY\bYN\bNO\bOP\bPS\bSI\bIS\bS
+ n\bno\boh\bhu\bup\bp command [arg...]
+
+D\bDE\bES\bSC\bCR\bRI\bIP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
+ This manual page documents the GNU version of n\bno\boh\bhu\bup\bp.
+ n\bno\boh\bhu\bup\bp runs the given _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd with hangup signals ignored
+ and the scheduling priority increased by 5, so that the
+ command can continue running in the background after you
+ log out. If the standard output is a tty, it and the
+ standard error are redirected so that they are appended to
+ the file `nohup.out'; if that cannot be written to, they
+ are appended to the file `$HOME/nohup.out'. If that can-
+ not be written to, the command is not run.
+
+ If n\bno\boh\bhu\bup\bp creates the file `nohup.out' or
+ `$HOME/nohup.out', it creates it with no access permis-
+ sions for group or other. It does not change the permis-
+ sions of those files if they already existed.
+
+ n\bno\boh\bhu\bup\bp does not automatically put the command it runs in
+ the background; you must do that explicitly, by ending the
+ command line with an `&'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1
+
+
--- /dev/null
+
+
+
+PATHCHK(1L) PATHCHK(1L)
+
+
+N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
+ pathchk - check whether pathnames are valid or portable
+
+S\bSY\bYN\bNO\bOP\bPS\bSI\bIS\bS
+ p\bpa\bat\bth\bhc\bch\bhk\bk [-p] [--portability] path...
+
+D\bDE\bES\bSC\bCR\bRI\bIP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
+ This manual page documents the GNU version of p\bpa\bat\bth\bhc\bch\bhk\bk.
+ For each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh, p\bpa\bat\bth\bhc\bch\bhk\bk prints a message if any of these
+ conditions are false:
+ o all directories in _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh have search (execute) permission
+ o the length of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh <= the filesystem's maximum path
+ length
+ o the length of each directory in _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh <= the filesystem's
+ maximum file name legnth
+
+ The exit status is:
+ 0 if all path names passed all of the tests,
+ 1 otherwise.
+
+ O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
+ -_\bp, --_\bp_\bo_\br_\bt_\ba_\bb_\bi_\bl_\bi_\bt_\by
+ Instead of performing length checks on the underly-
+ ing filesystem, test the length of the pathname and
+ its components against the POSIX.1 minimum limits
+ for portability. Also check that the pathname con-
+ tains no characters not in the portable filename
+ character set.
+
+ The long-named options can be introduced with `+' as well
+ as `--', for compatibility with previous releases. Even-
+ tually support for `+' will be removed, because it is
+ incompatible with the POSIX.2 standard.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1
+
+
--- /dev/null
+
+
+
+PRINTENV(1L) PRINTENV(1L)
+
+
+N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
+ printenv - print all or part of environment
+
+S\bSY\bYN\bNO\bOP\bPS\bSI\bIS\bS
+ p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bte\ben\bnv\bv [variable...]
+
+D\bDE\bES\bSC\bCR\bRI\bIP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
+ This manual page documents the GNU version of p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bte\ben\bnv\bv.
+ If no arguments are given, p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bte\ben\bnv\bv prints the entire
+ environment. If one or more variable names are given, it
+ prints the value of each one that is set, and nothing for
+ each one that is not set.
+
+ The exit status is:
+ 0 if all variables specified were found
+ 1 otherwise
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1
+
+
--- /dev/null
+
+
+
+PRINTF(1L) PRINTF(1L)
+
+
+N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
+ printf - format and print data
+
+S\bSY\bYN\bNO\bOP\bPS\bSI\bIS\bS
+ p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf format [argument...]
+
+D\bDE\bES\bSC\bCR\bRI\bIP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
+ This manual page documents the GNU version of p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf.
+ p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf prints the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt string, interpreting `%' direc-
+ tives and `\' escapes in the same way as the C `printf'
+ function. It interprets `\0ooo' as a an octal number
+ (`ooo' is 0 to 3 digits) specifying a character to print,
+ and `\xhhh' as a hexadecimal number (`hhh' is 1 to 3 dig-
+ its) specifying a character to print. It has an addi-
+ tional escape, `\c', which causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to produce no
+ further output, and an additional directive, `%b', which
+ prints its argument string with `\' escapes interpreted
+ the way they are in the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt string.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1
+
+
--- /dev/null
+
+
+
+SLEEP(1L) SLEEP(1L)
+
+
+N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
+ sleep - delay for a specified amount of time
+
+S\bSY\bYN\bNO\bOP\bPS\bSI\bIS\bS
+ s\bsl\ble\bee\bep\bp number[smhd]...
+
+D\bDE\bES\bSC\bCR\bRI\bIP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
+ This manual page documents the GNU version of s\bsl\ble\bee\bep\bp.
+ s\bsl\ble\bee\bep\bp pauses for an amount of time specified by the sum of
+ the values of the command line arguments. Each argument
+ is a number followed by an optional unit; the default is
+ seconds. The units are:
+
+ s seconds
+
+ m minutes
+
+ h hours
+
+ d days
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1
+
+
--- /dev/null
+
+
+
+TEE(1L) TEE(1L)
+
+
+N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
+ tee - read from standard input and write to standard out-
+ put and files
+
+S\bSY\bYN\bNO\bOP\bPS\bSI\bIS\bS
+ t\bte\bee\be [-ai] [--append] [--ignore-interrupts] [file...]
+
+D\bDE\bES\bSC\bCR\bRI\bIP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
+ This manual page documents the GNU version of t\bte\bee\be. The
+ t\bte\bee\be command copies the standard input to the standard out-
+ put and any files given as arguments.
+
+ If a file being written to does not already exist, it is
+ created. If a file being written to already exists, the
+ data it previously contained is overwritten unless the -_\ba
+ option is used.
+
+ O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
+ -_\ba, --_\ba_\bp_\bp_\be_\bn_\bd
+ Append the standard input to the given files rather
+ than overwriting them.
+
+ -_\bi, --_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be-_\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\br_\bu_\bp_\bt_\bs
+ Ignore interrupt signals.
+
+ The long-named options can be introduced with `+' as well
+ as `--', for compatibility with previous releases. Even-
+ tually support for `+' will be removed, because it is
+ incompatible with the POSIX.2 standard.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1
+
+
--- /dev/null
+
+
+
+TEST(1L) TEST(1L)
+
+
+N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
+ test - check file types and compare values
+
+S\bSY\bYN\bNO\bOP\bPS\bSI\bIS\bS
+ t\bte\bes\bst\bt [expr]
+
+D\bDE\bES\bSC\bCR\bRI\bIP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
+ This manual page documents the GNU version of t\bte\bes\bst\bt.
+
+ t\bte\bes\bst\bt returns a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending
+ on the evaluation of the conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br.
+ Expressions may be unary or binary. Unary expressions are
+ often used to examine the status of a file. There are
+ string operators and numeric comparison operators as well.
+
+ -\b-b\bb _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is block special.
+ -\b-c\bc _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is character special.
+ -\b-d\bd _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is a directory.
+ -\b-e\be _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists
+ -\b-f\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is a regular file.
+ -\b-g\bg _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is set-group-id.
+ -\b-k\bk _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has its ``sticky'' bit set.
+ -\b-L\bL _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is a symbolic link.
+ -\b-p\bp _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is a named pipe.
+ -\b-r\br _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is readable.
+ -\b-s\bs _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and has a size greater than
+ zero.
+ -\b-S\bS _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is a socket.
+ -\b-t\bt [\b[_\bf_\bd]\b]
+ True if _\bf_\bd is opened on a terminal. If _\bf_\bd is omit-
+ ted, it defaults to 1 (standard output).
+ -\b-u\bu _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and its set-user-id bit is set.
+ -\b-w\bw _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is writable.
+ -\b-x\bx _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is executable.
+ -\b-O\bO _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is owned by the effective
+ user id.
+ -\b-G\bG _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is owned by the effective
+
+
+
+ 1
+
+
+
+
+
+TEST(1L) TEST(1L)
+
+
+ group id.
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 -n\bnt\bt _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 is newer (according to modification
+ date) than _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2.
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 -o\bot\bt _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 is older than file2.
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 -\b-e\bef\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 have the same device and
+ inode numbers.
+ -\b-z\bz _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg
+ True if the length of _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is zero.
+ -\b-n\bn _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg True if the length of _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is non-zero.
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 =\b= _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2
+ True if the strings are equal.
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 !\b!=\b= _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2
+ True if the strings are not equal.
+ !\b! _\be_\bx_\bp_\br True if _\be_\bx_\bp_\br is false.
+ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 -a\ba _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
+ True if both _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 and _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 are true.
+ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 -o\bo _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
+ True if either _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 or _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 is true.
+ _\ba_\br_\bg_\b1 O\bOP\bP _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2
+ O\bOP\bP is one of -\b-e\beq\bq, -\b-n\bne\be, -\b-l\blt\bt, -\b-l\ble\be, -\b-g\bgt\bt, or -\b-g\bge\be.
+ These arithmetic binary operators return true if
+ _\ba_\br_\bg_\b1 is equal, not-equal, less-than, less-than-or-
+ equal, greater-than, or greater-than-or-equal than
+ _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2, respectively. _\ba_\br_\bg_\b1 and _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2 may be positive
+ integers, negative integers, or the special expres-
+ sion -\b-l\bl _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg, which evaluates to the length of
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2
+
+
--- /dev/null
+
+
+
+TTY(1L) TTY(1L)
+
+
+N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
+ tty - print the path of the terminal connected to standard
+ input
+
+S\bSY\bYN\bNO\bOP\bPS\bSI\bIS\bS
+ t\btt\bty\by [-s] [--silent] [--quiet]
+
+D\bDE\bES\bSC\bCR\bRI\bIP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
+ This manual page documents the GNU version of t\btt\bty\by. t\btt\bty\by
+ prints the path name of the tty connected to its standard
+ input. It prints `not a tty' if the standard input is not
+ a tty. Its exit status is:
+ 0 if the standard input is a tty
+ 1 if the standard input is not a tty
+ 2 if given incorrect arguments
+
+ O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
+ -_\bs, --_\bs_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\bt, --_\bq_\bu_\bi_\be_\bt
+ Print nothing; only return an exit status.
+
+ The long-named options can be introduced with `+' as well
+ as `--', for compatibility with previous releases. Even-
+ tually support for `+' will be removed, because it is
+ incompatible with the POSIX.2 standard.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1
+
+
--- /dev/null
+
+
+
+WHOAMI(1L) WHOAMI(1L)
+
+
+N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
+ whoami - print effective userid
+
+S\bSY\bYN\bNO\bOP\bPS\bSI\bIS\bS
+ w\bwh\bho\boa\bam\bmi\bi
+
+D\bDE\bES\bSC\bCR\bRI\bIP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
+ This manual page documents the GNU version of w\bwh\bho\boa\bam\bmi\bi.
+ w\bwh\bho\boa\bam\bmi\bi prints the user name associated with the current
+ effective user ID. It is equivalent to the command `id
+ -un'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1
+
+
--- /dev/null
+
+
+
+YES(1L) YES(1L)
+
+
+N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
+ yes - output a string repeatedly until killed
+
+S\bSY\bYN\bNO\bOP\bPS\bSI\bIS\bS
+ y\bye\bes\bs [string...]
+
+D\bDE\bES\bSC\bCR\bRI\bIP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
+ This manual page documents the GNU version of y\bye\bes\bs. y\bye\bes\bs
+ prints the command line arguments, separated by spaces and
+ followed by a newline, forever until it is killed. If no
+ arguments are given, it prints `y' followed by a newline
+ forever until killed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1
+
+