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EX/VI(1)                     BSD Reference Manual                     EX/VI(1)

N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
    e\bex\bx,\b, v\bvi\bi,\b, v\bvi\bie\bew\bw - text editors

S\bSY\bYN\bNO\bOP\bPS\bSI\bIS\bS
    e\bex\bx [-\b-e\beF\bFR\bRr\brs\bsv\bv] [-\b-c\bc _\bc_\bm_\bd] [-\b-t\bt _\bt_\ba_\bg] [-\b-w\bw _\bs_\bi_\bz_\be] [_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\b._\b._\b.]
    v\bvi\bi [-\b-e\beF\bFl\blR\bRr\brv\bv] [-\b-c\bc _\bc_\bm_\bd] [-\b-t\bt _\bt_\ba_\bg] [-\b-w\bw _\bs_\bi_\bz_\be] [_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\b._\b._\b.]
    v\bvi\bie\bew\bw [-\b-e\beF\bFR\bRr\brv\bv] [-\b-c\bc _\bc_\bm_\bd] [-\b-t\bt _\bt_\ba_\bg] [-\b-w\bw _\bs_\bi_\bz_\be] [_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\b._\b._\b.]

D\bDE\bES\bSC\bCR\bRI\bIP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
    V\bVi\bi is a screen oriented text editor.  E\bEx\bx is a line-oriented text editor.
    E\bEx\bx and v\bvi\bi are different interfaces to the same program, and it is possi-
    ble to switch back and forth during an edit session.  V\bVi\bie\bew\bw is the equiva-
    lent of using the -\b-R\bR (read-only) option of v\bvi\bi.

    This manual page is the one provided with the n\bne\bex\bx/\b/n\bnv\bvi\bi versions of the
    e\bex\bx/\b/v\bvi\bi text editors.  N\bNe\bex\bx/\b/n\bnv\bvi\bi are intended as bug-for-bug compatible re-
    placements for the original Fourth Berkeley Software Distribution (4BSD)
    e\bex\bx and v\bvi\bi programs.  For the rest of this manual page, n\bne\bex\bx/\b/n\bnv\bvi\bi is used
    only when it's necessary to distinguish it from the historic implementa-
    tions of e\bex\bx/\b/v\bvi\bi.

    This manual page is intended for users already familiar with e\bex\bx/\b/v\bvi\bi. Any-
    one else should almost certainly read a good tutorial on the editor be-
    fore this manual page.  If you're in an unfamiliar environment, and you
    absolutely have to get work done immediately, read the section after the
    options description, entitled ``Fast Startup''. It's probably enough to
    get you going.

    The following options are available:

    -\b-c\bc      Execute _\bc_\bm_\bd immediately after starting the edit session.  Partic-
            ularly useful for initial positioning in the file, however _\bc_\bm_\bd is
            not limited to positioning commands.  This is the POSIX 1003.2
            interface for the historic ``+cmd'' syntax.  N\bNe\bex\bx/\b/n\bnv\bvi\bi supports
            both the old and new syntax.

    -\b-e\be      Start editing in ex mode, as if the command name were e\bex\bx.

    -\b-F\bF      Don't copy the entire file when first starting to edit.  (The de-
            fault is to make a copy in case someone else modifies the file
            during your edit session.)

    -\b-l\bl      Start editing with the lisp and showmatch options set.

    -\b-R\bR      Start editing in read-only mode, as if the command name was v\bvi\bie\bew\bw,
            or the readonly option was set.

    -\b-r\br      Recover the specified files, or, if no files are specified, list
            the files that could be recovered.  If no recoverable files by
            the specified name exist, the file is edited as if the -\b-r\br option
            had not been specified.

    -\b-s\bs      Enter batch mode; applicable only to e\bex\bx edit sessions.  Batch
            mode is useful when running e\bex\bx scripts.  Prompts, informative
            messages and other user oriented message are turned off, and no
            startup files or environmental variables are read.  This is the
            POSIX 1003.2 interface for the historic ``-'' argument.  N\bNe\bex\bx/\b/n\bnv\bvi\bi
            supports both the old and new syntax.

    -\b-t\bt      Start editing at the specified tag.  (See ctags(1)).



    -\b-w\bw      Set the initial window size to the specified number of lines.

    -\b-v\bv      Start editing in vi mode, as if the command name was v\bvi\bi or v\bvi\bie\bew\bw.

    -\b-X\bX      Reserved for X11 interfaces.  _\bN_\bo _\bX_\b1_\b1 _\bs_\bu_\bp_\bp_\bo_\br_\bt _\bi_\bs _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt_\bl_\by
            _\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\be_\bd_\b.

    Command input for e\bex\bx/\b/v\bvi\bi is read from the standard input.  In the v\bvi\bi in-
    terface, it is an error if standard input is not a terminal.  In the e\bex\bx
    interface, if standard input is not a terminal, e\bex\bx will read commands
    from it regardless, however, the session will be a batch mode session,
    exactly as if the -\b-s\bs option had been specified.

    E\bEx\bx/\b/v\bvi\bi exits 0 on success, and greater than 0 if an error occurs.

F\bFA\bAS\bST\bT S\bST\bTA\bAR\bRT\bTU\bUP\bP
    This section will tell you the minimum amount that you need to do simple
    editing tasks using v\bvi\bi. If you've never used any screen editor before,
    you're likely to have problems even with this simple introduction.  In
    that case you should find someone that already knows v\bvi\bi and have them
    walk you through this section.

    V\bVi\bi is a screen editor.  This means that it takes up almost the entire
    screen, displaying part of the file on each screen line, except for the
    last line of the screen.  The last line of the screen is used for you to
    give commands to v\bvi\bi, and for v\bvi\bi to give information to you.

    The other fact that you need to understand is that v\bvi\bi is a modeful edi-
    tor, i.e. you are either entering text or you are executing commands, and
    you have to be in the right mode to do one or the other.  You will be in
    command mode when you first start editing a file.  There are commands
    that switch you into input mode.  There is only one key that takes you
    out of input mode, and that is the <escape> key.  (Key names are written
    using less-than and greater-than signs, e.g.  <escape> means the
    ``escape'' key, usually labeled ``esc'' on your terminal's keyboard.)  If
    you're ever confused as to which mode you're in, keep entering the <es-
    cape> key until v\bvi\bi beeps at you.  (Generally, v\bvi\bi will beep at you if you
    try and do something that's not allowed.  It will also display error mes-
    sages.)

    To start editing a file, enter the command ``vi file_name<carriage-
    return>''. The command you should enter as soon as you start editing is
    ``:set verbose showmode<carriage-return>''. This will make the editor
    give you verbose error messages and display the current mode at the bot-
    tom of the screen.

    The commands to move around the file are:
    h\bh     Move the cursor left one character.
    j\bj     Move the cursor down one line.
    k\bk     Move the cursor up one line.
    l\bl     Move the cursor right one character.
    <\b<c\bcu\bur\brs\bso\bor\br-\b-a\bar\brr\bro\bow\bws\bs>\b>
          The cursor arrow keys should work, too.
    /\b/t\bte\bex\bxt\bt<\b<c\bca\bar\brr\bri\bia\bag\bge\be-\b-r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn>\b>
          Search for the string ``text'' in the file, and move the cursor to
          its first character.

    The commands to enter new text are:
    a\ba     Append new text, _\ba_\bf_\bt_\be_\br the cursor.
    i\bi     Insert new text, _\bb_\be_\bf_\bo_\br_\be the cursor.
    o\bo     Open a new line below the line the cursor is on, and start entering
          text.
    O\bO     Open a new line above the line the cursor is on, and start entering
          text.
    <\b<e\bes\bsc\bca\bap\bpe\be>\b>
          Once you've entered input mode using the one of the a\ba, i\bi, O\bO, or o\bo
          commands, use <\b<e\bes\bsc\bca\bap\bpe\be>\b> to quit entering text and return to command
          mode.

    The commands to copy text are:
    y\byy\by    Copy the line the cursor is on.
    p\bp     Append the copied line after the line the cursor is on.

    The commands to delete text are:
    d\bdd\bd    Delete the line the cursor is on.
    x\bx     Delete the character the cursor is on.

    The commands to write the file are:
    :\b:w\bw<\b<c\bca\bar\brr\bri\bia\bag\bge\be-\b-r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn>\b>
          Write the file back to the file with the name that you originally
          used as an argument on the v\bvi\bi command line.
    :\b:w\bw f\bfi\bil\ble\be_\b_n\bna\bam\bme\be<\b<c\bca\bar\brr\bri\bia\bag\bge\be-\b-r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn>\b>
          Write the file back to the file with the name ``file_name''.

    The commands to quit editing and exit the editor are:
    :\b:q\bq<\b<c\bca\bar\brr\bri\bia\bag\bge\be-\b-r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn>\b>
          Quit editing and leave vi (if you've modified the file, but not
          saved your changes, v\bvi\bi will refuse to quit).
    :\b:q\bq!\b!<\b<c\bca\bar\brr\bri\bia\bag\bge\be-\b-r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn>\b>
          Quit, discarding any modifications that you may have made.

    One final caution.  Unusual characters can take up more than one column
    on the screen, and long lines can take up more than a single screen line.
    The above commands work on ``physical'' characters and lines, i.e. they
    affect the entire line no matter how many screen lines it takes up and
    the entire character no matter how many screen columns it takes up.

V\bVI\bI C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS
    The following section describes the commands available in the command
    mode of the v\bvi\bi editor.  In each entry below, the tag line is a usage syn-
    opsis for the command character.

    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-A\bA>\b>
          Search forward count times for the current word.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-B\bB>\b>
          Page backwards count screens.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-D\bD>\b>
          Scroll forward count lines.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-E\bE>\b>
          Scroll forward count lines, leaving the current line and column as
          is, if possible.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-F\bF>\b>
          Page forward count screens.
    <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-G\bG>\b>
          Display the file information.
    <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-H\bH>\b>
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] h\bh
          Move the cursor back count characters in the current line.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-J\bJ>\b>
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-N\bN>\b>
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] j\bj
          Move the cursor down count lines without changing the current col-
          umn.
    <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-L\bL>\b>
    <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-R\bR>\b>
          Repaint the screen.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-M\bM>\b>
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] +\b+
          Move the cursor down count lines to the first nonblank character of
          that line.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-P\bP>\b>

    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] k\bk
          Move the cursor up count lines, without changing the current col-
          umn.
    <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-T\bT>\b>
          Return to the most recent tag context.
    <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-U\bU>\b>
          Scroll backwards count lines.
    <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-W\bW>\b>
          Switch to the next lower screen in the window, or, to the first
          screen if there are no lower screens in the window.
    <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-Y\bY>\b>
          Scroll backwards count lines, leaving the current line and column
          as is, if possible.
    <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-Z\bZ>\b>
          Suspend the current editor session.
    <\b<e\bes\bsc\bca\bap\bpe\be>\b>
          Execute e\bex\bx commands or cancel partial commands.
    <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-]\b]>\b>
          Push a tag reference onto the tag stack.
    <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-^\b^>\b>
          Switch to the most recently edited file.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] <\b<s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be>\b>
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] l\bl
          Move the cursor forward count characters without changing the cur-
          rent line.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] !\b! m\bmo\bot\bti\bio\bon\bn s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt(\b(s\bs)\b)
          Replace text with results from a shell command.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] #\b# +\b+|\b|-\b-
          Increment or decrement the cursor number.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] $\b$
          Move the cursor to the end of a line.
    %\b%     Move to the matching character.
    &\b&     Repeat the previous substitution command on the current line.
    '\b'<\b<c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\br>\b>
    `\b`<\b<c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\br>\b>
          Return to a context marked by the character <character>.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] (\b(
          Back up count sentences.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] )\b)
          Move forward count sentences.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] ,\b,
          Reverse find character count times.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] -\b-
          Move to first nonblank of the previous line, count times.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] .\b.
          Repeat the last v\bvi\bi command that modified text.
    /\b/R\bRE\bE<\b<c\bca\bar\brr\bri\bia\bag\bge\be-\b-r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn>\b>
    /\b/R\bRE\bE/\b/ [\b[o\bof\bff\bfs\bse\bet\bt]\b]<\b<c\bca\bar\brr\bri\bia\bag\bge\be-\b-r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn>\b>
    ?\b?R\bRE\bE<\b<c\bca\bar\brr\bri\bia\bag\bge\be-\b-r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn>\b>
    ?\b?R\bRE\bE?\b? [\b[o\bof\bff\bfs\bse\bet\bt]\b]<\b<c\bca\bar\brr\bri\bia\bag\bge\be-\b-r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn>\b>
    N\bN
    n\bn     Search forward or backward for a regular expression.
    0\b0     Move to the first character in the current line.
    :     Execute an ex command.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] ;\b;
          Repeat the last character find count times.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] <\b< m\bmo\bot\bti\bio\bon\bn
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] >\b> m\bmo\bot\bti\bio\bon\bn
          Shift lines left or right.
    @\b@ b\bbu\buf\bff\bfe\ber\br
          Execute a named buffer.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] A\bA
          Enter input mode, appending the text after the end of the line.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] B\bB


          Move backwards count bigwords.
    [\b[b\bbu\buf\bff\bfe\ber\br]\b] [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] C\bC
          Change text from the current position to the end-of-line.
    [\b[b\bbu\buf\bff\bfe\ber\br]\b] D\bD
          Delete text from the current position to the end-of-line.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] E\bE
          Move forward count end-of-bigwords.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] F\bF <\b<c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\br>\b>
          Search count times backward through the current line for
          <character>.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] G\bG
          Move to line count, or the last line of the file if count not spec-
          ified.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] H\bH
          Move to the screen line count - 1 lines below the top of the
          screen.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] I\bI
          Enter input mode, inserting the text at the beginning of the line.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] J\bJ
          Join lines.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] L\bL
          Move to the screen line count - 1 lines above the bottom of the
          screen.
    M\bM     Move to the screen line in the middle of the screen.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] O\bO
          Enter input mode, appending text in a new line above the current
          line.
    [\b[b\bbu\buf\bff\bfe\ber\br]\b] P\bP
          Insert text from a buffer.
    Q\bQ     Exit v\bvi\bi (or visual) mode and switch to e\bex\bx mode.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] R\bR
          Enter input mode, replacing the characters in the current line.
    [\b[b\bbu\buf\bff\bfe\ber\br]\b] [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] S\bS
          Substitute count lines.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] T\bT <\b<c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\br>\b>
          Search backwards, count times, through the current line for the
          character _\ba_\bf_\bt_\be_\br the specified <character>.
    U\bU     Restore the current line to its state before the cursor last moved
          to it.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] W\bW
          Move forward count bigwords.
    [\b[b\bbu\buf\bff\bfe\ber\br]\b] [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] X\bX
          Delete count characters before the cursor.
    [\b[b\bbu\buf\bff\bfe\ber\br]\b] [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] Y\bY
          Copy (or ``yank'') count lines into the specified buffer.
    Z\bZZ\bZ    Write the file and exit v\bvi\bi.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] [\b[[\b[
          Back up count section boundaries.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] ]\b]]\b]
          Move forward count section boundaries.
    ^\b^     Move to first nonblank character on the current line.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] _\b_
          Move down count - 1 lines, to the first nonblank character.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] a\ba
          Enter input mode, appending the text after the cursor.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] b\bb
          Move backwards count words.
    [\b[b\bbu\buf\bff\bfe\ber\br]\b] [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] c\bc m\bmo\bot\bti\bio\bon\bn
          Change a region of text.
    [\b[b\bbu\buf\bff\bfe\ber\br]\b] [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] d\bd m\bmo\bot\bti\bio\bon\bn
          Delete a region of text.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] e\be
          Move forward count end-of-words.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] f\bf<\b<c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\br>\b>
          Search forward, count times, through the rest of the current line

          for <character>.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] i\bi
          Enter input mode, inserting the text before the cursor.
    m\bm <\b<c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\br>\b>
          Save the current context (line and column) as <character>.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] o\bo
          Enter input mode, appending text in a new line under the current
          line.
    [\b[b\bbu\buf\bff\bfe\ber\br]\b] p\bp
          Append text from a buffer.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] r\br <\b<c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\br>\b>
          Replace count characters.
    [\b[b\bbu\buf\bff\bfe\ber\br]\b] [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] s\bs
          Substitute count characters in the current line starting with the
          current character.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] t\bt <\b<c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\br>\b>
          Search forward, count times, through the current line for the char-
          acter immediately _\bb_\be_\bf_\bo_\br_\be <character>.
    u\bu     Undo the last change made to the file.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] w\bw
          Move forward count words.
    [\b[b\bbu\buf\bff\bfe\ber\br]\b] [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] x\bx
          Delete count characters.
    [\b[b\bbu\buf\bff\bfe\ber\br]\b] [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] y\by m\bmo\bot\bti\bio\bon\bn
          Copy (or ``yank'') a text region specified by the count and motion
          into a buffer.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt1\b1]\b] z\bz [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt2\b2]\b] -\b-|\b|.\b.|\b|+\b+|\b|^\b^|\b|<\b<c\bca\bar\brr\bri\bia\bag\bge\be-\b-r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn>\b>
          Redraw, optionally repositioning and resizing the screen.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] {\b{
          Move backward count paragraphs.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] |\b|
          Move to a specific _\bc_\bo_\bl_\bu_\bm_\bn position on the current line.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] }\b}
          Move forward count paragraphs.
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] ~\b~
          Reverse the case of the next count character(s).
    [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] ~\b~ m\bmo\bot\bti\bio\bon\bn
          Reverse the case of the characters in a text region specified by
          the count and motion.
    <\b<i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\brr\bru\bup\bpt\bt>\b>
          Interrupt the current operation.

V\bVI\bI T\bTE\bEX\bXT\bT I\bIN\bNP\bPU\bUT\bT C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS
    The following section describes the commands available in the text input
    mode of the v\bvi\bi editor.

    <\b<n\bnu\bul\bl>\b>
          Replay the previous input.
    <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-D\bD>\b>
          Erase the previous autoindent character.
    ^\b^<\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-D\bD>\b>
          Erase all of the autoindent characters, and reset the autoindent
          level.
    0\b0<\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-D\bD>\b>
          Erase all of the autoindent characters.
    <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-T\bT>\b>
          Insert sufficient <tab> and <space> characters to move the cursor
          forward to a column immediately after the next column which is an
          even multiple of the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\btw\bwi\bid\bdt\bth\bh option.
    <\b<e\ber\bra\bas\bse\be>\b>
    <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-H\bH>\b>
          Erase the last character.
    <\b<l\bli\bit\bte\ber\bra\bal\bl n\bne\bex\bxt\bt>\b>
          Quote the next character.
    <\b<e\bes\bsc\bca\bap\bpe\be>\b>

          Resolve all text input into the file, and return to command mode.
    <\b<l\bli\bin\bne\be e\ber\bra\bas\bse\be>\b>
          Erase the current line.
    <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-W\bW>\b>
    <\b<w\bwo\bor\brd\bd e\ber\bra\bas\bse\be>\b>
          Erase the last word.  The definition of word is dependent on the
          a\bal\blt\btw\bwe\ber\bra\bas\bse\be and t\btt\bty\byw\bwe\ber\bra\bas\bse\be options.
    <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-X\bX>\b>[\b[0\b0-\b-9\b9A\bA-\b-F\bFa\ba-\b-f\bf]\b]*\b*
          Insert a character with the specified hexadecimal value into the
          text.
    <\b<i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\brr\bru\bup\bpt\bt>\b>
          Interrupt text input mode, returning to command mode.

E\bEX\bX C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS
    The following section describes the commands available in the e\bex\bx editor.
    In each entry below, the tag line is a usage synopsis for the command.

    <\b<e\ben\bnd\bd-\b-o\bof\bf-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\be>\b>
          Scroll the screen.
    !\b! a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt(\b(s\bs)\b)
    [\b[r\bra\ban\bng\bge\be]\b]!\b! a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt(\b(s\bs)\b)
          Execute a shell command, or filter lines through a shell command.
    "\b"     A comment.
    [\b[r\bra\ban\bng\bge\be]\b] n\bnu\bu[\b[m\bmb\bbe\ber\br]\b] [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] [\b[f\bfl\bla\bag\bgs\bs]\b]
    [\b[r\bra\ban\bng\bge\be]\b] #\b# [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] [\b[f\bfl\bla\bag\bgs\bs]\b]
          Display the selected lines, each preceded with its line number.
    @\b@ b\bbu\buf\bff\bfe\ber\br
    *\b* b\bbu\buf\bff\bfe\ber\br
          Execute a buffer.
    [\b[r\bra\ban\bng\bge\be]\b] d\bd[\b[e\bel\ble\bet\bte\be]\b] [\b[b\bbu\buf\bff\bfe\ber\br]\b] [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] [\b[f\bfl\bla\bag\bgs\bs]\b]
          Delete the lines from the file.
    d\bdi\bi[\b[s\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by]\b] b\bb[\b[u\buf\bff\bfe\ber\brs\bs]\b] |\b| s\bs[\b[c\bcr\bre\bee\ben\bns\bs]\b] |\b| t\bt[\b[a\bag\bgs\bs]\b]
          Display buffers, screens or tags.
    e\be[\b[d\bdi\bit\bt]\b][\b[!\b!]\b] [\b[+\b+c\bcm\bmd\bd]\b] [\b[f\bfi\bil\ble\be]\b]
    e\bex\bx[\b[!\b!]\b] [\b[+\b+c\bcm\bmd\bd]\b] [\b[f\bfi\bil\ble\be]\b]
          Edit a different file.
    e\bex\bxu\bu[\b[s\bsa\bag\bge\be]\b] [\b[c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd]\b]
          Display usage for an e\bex\bx command.
    f\bf[\b[i\bil\ble\be]\b] [\b[f\bfi\bil\ble\be]\b]
          Display and optionally change the file name.
    f\bfg\bg [\b[n\bna\bam\bme\be]\b]
          V\bVi\bi mode only.  Foreground the specified screen.
    [\b[r\bra\ban\bng\bge\be]\b] g\bg[\b[l\blo\bob\bba\bal\bl]\b] /\b/p\bpa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn/\b/ [\b[c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs]\b]
    [\b[r\bra\ban\bng\bge\be]\b] v\bv /\b/p\bpa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn/\b/ [\b[c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs]\b]
          Apply commands to lines matching (or not matching) a pattern.
    h\bhe\be[\b[l\blp\bp]\b]
          Display a help message.
    [\b[l\bli\bin\bne\be]\b] i\bi[\b[n\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt]\b][\b[!\b!]\b]
          The input text is inserted before the specified line.
    [\b[r\bra\ban\bng\bge\be]\b] j\bj[\b[o\boi\bin\bn]\b][\b[!\b!]\b] [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] [\b[f\bfl\bla\bag\bgs\bs]\b]
          Join lines of text together.
    [\b[r\bra\ban\bng\bge\be]\b] l\bl[\b[i\bis\bst\bt]\b] [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] [\b[f\bfl\bla\bag\bgs\bs]\b]
          Display the lines unambiguously.
    m\bma\bap\bp[\b[!\b!]\b] [\b[l\blh\bhs\bs r\brh\bhs\bs]\b]
          Define or display maps (for v\bvi\bi only).
    [\b[l\bli\bin\bne\be]\b] m\bma\ba[\b[r\brk\bk]\b] <\b<c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\br>\b>
    [\b[l\bli\bin\bne\be]\b] k\bk <\b<c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\br>\b>
          Mark the line with the mark <character>.
    [\b[r\bra\ban\bng\bge\be]\b] m\bm[\b[o\bov\bve\be]\b] l\bli\bin\bne\be
          Move the specified lines after the target line.
    m\bmk\bk[\b[e\bex\bxr\brc\bc]\b][\b[!\b!]\b] f\bfi\bil\ble\be
          Write the abbreviations, editor options and maps to the specified
          file.
    n\bn[\b[e\bex\bxt\bt]\b][\b[!\b!]\b] [\b[f\bfi\bil\ble\be .\b..\b..\b.]\b]


          Edit the next file from the argument list.
    [\b[l\bli\bin\bne\be]\b] o\bo[\b[p\bpe\ben\bn]\b] /\b/p\bpa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn/\b/ [\b[f\bfl\bla\bag\bgs\bs]\b]
          Enter open mode.
    p\bpr\bre\be[\b[s\bse\ber\brv\bve\be]\b]
          Save the file in a form that can later be recovered using the e\bex\bx -\b-r\br
          option.
    p\bpr\bre\bev\bv[\b[i\bio\bou\bus\bs]\b][\b[!\b!]\b]
          Edit the previous file from the argument list.
    [\b[r\bra\ban\bng\bge\be]\b] p\bp[\b[r\bri\bin\bnt\bt]\b] [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] [\b[f\bfl\bla\bag\bgs\bs]\b]
          Display the specified lines.
    [\b[l\bli\bin\bne\be]\b] p\bpu\bu[\b[t\bt]\b] [\b[b\bbu\buf\bff\bfe\ber\br]\b]
          Append buffer contents to the current line.
    q\bq[\b[u\bui\bit\bt]\b][\b[!\b!]\b]
          End the editing session.
    [\b[l\bli\bin\bne\be]\b] r\br[\b[e\bea\bad\bd]\b][\b[!\b!]\b] [\b[f\bfi\bil\ble\be]\b]
          Read a file.
    r\bre\bec\bc[\b[o\bov\bve\ber\br]\b] f\bfi\bil\ble\be
          Recover file if it was previously saved.
    r\bre\bes\bs[\b[i\biz\bze\be]\b] [\b[+\b+|\b|-\b-]\b]s\bsi\biz\bze\be
          V\bVi\bi mode only.  Grow or shrink the current screen.
    r\bre\bew\bw[\b[i\bin\bnd\bd]\b][\b[!\b!]\b]
          Rewind the argument list.
    s\bse\be[\b[t\bt]\b] [\b[o\bop\bpt\bti\bio\bon\bn[\b[=\b=[\b[v\bva\bal\blu\bue\be]\b]]\b] .\b..\b..\b.]\b] [\b[n\bno\boo\bop\bpt\bti\bio\bon\bn .\b..\b..\b.]\b] [\b[o\bop\bpt\bti\bio\bon\bn?\b? .\b..\b..\b.]\b] [\b[a\bal\bll\bl]\b]
          Display or set editor options.
    s\bsh\bh[\b[e\bel\bll\bl]\b]
          Run a shell program.
    s\bso\bo[\b[u\bur\brc\bce\be]\b] f\bfi\bil\ble\be
          Read and execute e\bex\bx commands from a file.
    s\bsp\bp[\b[l\bli\bit\bt]\b] [\b[f\bfi\bil\ble\be .\b..\b..\b.]\b]
          V\bVi\bi mode only.  Split the screen.
    [\b[r\bra\ban\bng\bge\be]\b] s\bs[\b[u\bub\bbs\bst\bti\bit\btu\but\bte\be]\b] [\b[/\b/p\bpa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn/\b/r\bre\bep\bpl\bla\bac\bce\be/\b/]\b] [\b[o\bop\bpt\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs]\b] [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] [\b[f\bfl\bla\bag\bgs\bs]\b]
    [\b[r\bra\ban\bng\bge\be]\b] &\b& [\b[o\bop\bpt\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs]\b] [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] [\b[f\bfl\bla\bag\bgs\bs]\b]
    [\b[r\bra\ban\bng\bge\be]\b] ~\b~ [\b[o\bop\bpt\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs]\b] [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] [\b[f\bfl\bla\bag\bgs\bs]\b]
          Make substitutions.
    s\bsu\bu[\b[s\bsp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd]\b][\b[!\b!]\b]
    s\bst\bt[\b[o\bop\bp]\b][\b[!\b!]\b]
    <\b<s\bsu\bus\bsp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd>\b>
          Suspend the edit session.
    t\bta\ba[\b[g\bg]\b][\b[!\b!]\b] t\bta\bag\bgs\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg
          Edit the file containing the specified tag.
    t\bta\bag\bgp\bp[\b[o\bop\bp]\b][\b[!\b!]\b] [\b[f\bfi\bil\ble\be |\b| n\bnu\bum\bmb\bbe\ber\br]\b]
          Pop to the specified tag in the tags stack.
    u\bun\bnm\bm[\b[a\bap\bp]\b][\b[!\b!]\b] l\blh\bhs\bs
          Unmap a mapped string.
    v\bve\be[\b[r\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn]\b]
          Display the version of the e\bex\bx/\b/v\bvi\bi editor.
    [\b[l\bli\bin\bne\be]\b] v\bvi\bi[\b[s\bsu\bua\bal\bl]\b] [\b[t\bty\byp\bpe\be]\b] [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] [\b[f\bfl\bla\bag\bgs\bs]\b]
          E\bEx\bx mode only.  Enter v\bvi\bi.
    v\bvi\bi[\b[s\bsu\bua\bal\bl]\b][\b[!\b!]\b] [\b[+\b+c\bcm\bmd\bd]\b] [\b[f\bfi\bil\ble\be]\b]
          V\bVi\bi mode only.  Edit a new file.
    v\bvi\biu\bu[\b[s\bsa\bag\bge\be]\b] [\b[c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd]\b]
          Display usage for a v\bvi\bi command.
    [\b[r\bra\ban\bng\bge\be]\b] w\bw[\b[r\bri\bit\bte\be]\b][\b[!\b!]\b] [\b[>\b>>\b>]\b] [\b[f\bfi\bil\ble\be]\b]
    [\b[r\bra\ban\bng\bge\be]\b] w\bw[\b[r\bri\bit\bte\be]\b] [\b[!\b!]\b] [\b[f\bfi\bil\ble\be]\b]
    [\b[r\bra\ban\bng\bge\be]\b] w\bwn\bn[\b[!\b!]\b] [\b[>\b>>\b>]\b] [\b[f\bfi\bil\ble\be]\b]
    [\b[r\bra\ban\bng\bge\be]\b] w\bwq\bq[\b[!\b!]\b] [\b[>\b>>\b>]\b] [\b[f\bfi\bil\ble\be]\b]
          Write the file.
    [\b[r\bra\ban\bng\bge\be]\b] x\bx[\b[i\bit\bt]\b][\b[!\b!]\b] [\b[f\bfi\bil\ble\be]\b]
          Write the file if it has been modified.
    [\b[r\bra\ban\bng\bge\be]\b] y\bya\ba[\b[n\bnk\bk]\b] [\b[b\bbu\buf\bff\bfe\ber\br]\b] [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b]
          Copy the specified lines to a buffer.
    [\b[l\bli\bin\bne\be]\b] z\bz [\b[t\bty\byp\bpe\be]\b] [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] [\b[f\bfl\bla\bag\bgs\bs]\b]
          Adjust the window.

S\bSE\bET\bT O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
    There are a large number of options that may be set (or unset) to change
    the editor's behavior.  This section describes the options, their abbre-
    viations and their default values.

    In each entry below, the first part of the tag line is the full name of
    the option, followed by any equivalent abbreviations.  The part in square
    brackets is the default value of the option.  Most of the options are
    boolean, i.e. they are either on or off, and do not have an associated
    value.

    Options apply to both e\bex\bx and v\bvi\bi modes, unless otherwise specified.

    a\bal\blt\btw\bwe\ber\bra\bas\bse\be [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
          V\bVi\bi only.  Select an alternate word erase algorithm.
    a\bau\but\bto\boi\bin\bnd\bde\ben\bnt\bt,\b, a\bai\bi [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
          Automatically indent new lines.
    a\bau\but\bto\bop\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bt,\b, a\bap\bp [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
          E\bEx\bx only.  Display the current line automatically.
    a\bau\but\bto\bow\bwr\bri\bit\bte\be,\b, a\baw\bw [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
          Write modified files automatically when changing files.
    b\bba\bac\bck\bku\bup\bp [\b["\b""\b"]\b]
          Backup files before they are overwritten.
    b\bbe\bea\bau\but\bti\bif\bfy\by,\b, b\bbf\bf [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
          Discard control characters.
    c\bcd\bdp\bpa\bat\bth\bh [\b[e\ben\bnv\bvi\bir\bro\bon\bnm\bme\ben\bnt\bt v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH,\b, o\bor\br c\bcu\bur\brr\bre\ben\bnt\bt d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bry\by]\b]
          The directory paths used as path prefixes for the c\bcd\bd command.
    c\bco\bol\blu\bum\bmn\bns\bs,\b, c\bco\bo [\b[8\b80\b0]\b]
          Set the number of columns in the screen.
    c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
          V\bVi\bi only.  Skip leading comments in files.
    d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bry\by,\b, d\bdi\bir\br [\b[e\ben\bnv\bvi\bir\bro\bon\bnm\bme\ben\bnt\bt v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be T\bTM\bMP\bPD\bDI\bIR\bR,\b, o\bor\br /\b/t\btm\bmp\bp]\b]
          The directory where temporary files are created.
    e\bed\bdc\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bti\bib\bbl\ble\be,\b, e\bed\bd [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
          Remember the values of the ``c'' and ``g'' suffices to the
          s\bsu\bub\bbs\bst\bti\bit\btu\but\bte\be commands, instead of initializing them as unset for each
          new command.
    e\ber\brr\bro\bor\brb\bbe\bel\bll\bls\bs,\b, e\beb\bb [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
          E\bEx\bx only.  Announce error messages with a bell.
    e\bex\bxr\brc\bc,\b, e\bex\bx [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
          Never read startup files in the local directory.
    e\bex\bxt\bte\ben\bnd\bde\bed\bd [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
          Regular expressions are extended (i.e.  egrep(1) style) expres-
          sions.
    f\bfl\bla\bas\bsh\bh [\b[o\bon\bn]\b]
          Flash the screen instead of beeping the keyboard on error.
    h\bha\bar\brd\bdt\bta\bab\bbs\bs,\b, h\bht\bt [\b[8\b8]\b]
          Set the spacing between hardware tab settings.
    i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\bec\bca\bas\bse\be,\b, i\bic\bc [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
          Ignore case differences in regular expressions.
    k\bke\bey\byt\bti\bim\bme\be [\b[6\b6]\b]
          The 10th's of a second e\bex\bx/\b/v\bvi\bi waits for a subsequent key to complete
          a key mapping.
    l\ble\bef\bft\btr\bri\big\bgh\bht\bt [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
          V\bVi\bi only.  Do left-right scrolling.
    l\bli\bin\bne\bes\bs,\b, l\bli\bi [\b[2\b24\b4]\b]
          V\bVi\bi only.  Set the number of lines in the screen.
    l\bli\bis\bsp\bp [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
          V\bVi\bi only.  Modify various search commands and options to work with
          Lisp.

          _\bT_\bh_\bi_\bs _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\bi_\bs _\bn_\bo_\bt _\by_\be_\bt _\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\be_\bd_\b.
    l\bli\bis\bst\bt [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
          Display lines in an unambiguous fashion.
    l\blo\boc\bck\bk [\b[o\bon\bn]\b]
          Attempt to get an exclusive lock on any file being edited, read or


          written.
    m\bma\bag\bgi\bic\bc [\b[o\bon\bn]\b]
          Treat certain characters specially in regular expressions.
    m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bht\bti\bim\bme\be [\b[7\b7]\b]
          V\bVi\bi only.  The 10th's of a second e\bex\bx/\b/v\bvi\bi pauses on the matching char-
          acter when the s\bsh\bho\bow\bwm\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh option is set.
    m\bme\bes\bsg\bg [\b[o\bon\bn]\b]
          Permit messages from other users.
    m\bmo\bod\bde\bel\bli\bin\bne\bes\bs,\b, m\bmo\bod\bde\bel\bli\bin\bne\be [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
          Read the first and last few lines of each file for e\bex\bx commands.

          _\bT_\bh_\bi_\bs _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\bw_\bi_\bl_\bl _\bn_\be_\bv_\be_\br _\bb_\be _\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\be_\bd_\b.
    n\bnu\bum\bmb\bbe\ber\br,\b, n\bnu\bu [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
          Precede each line displayed with its current line number.
    o\boc\bct\bta\bal\bl [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
          Display unknown characters as octal numbers, instead of the default
          hexadecimal.
    o\bop\bpe\ben\bn [\b[o\bon\bn]\b]
          E\bEx\bx only.  If this option is not set, the o\bop\bpe\ben\bn and v\bvi\bis\bsu\bua\bal\bl commands
          are disallowed.
    o\bop\bpt\bti\bim\bmi\biz\bze\be,\b, o\bop\bpt\bt [\b[o\bon\bn]\b]
          V\bVi\bi only.  Optimize text throughput to dumb terminals.

          _\bT_\bh_\bi_\bs _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\bi_\bs _\bn_\bo_\bt _\by_\be_\bt _\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\be_\bd_\b.
    p\bpa\bar\bra\bag\bgr\bra\bap\bph\bhs\bs,\b, p\bpa\bar\bra\ba [\b[I\bIP\bPL\bLP\bPP\bPP\bPQ\bQP\bPP\bP L\bLI\bIp\bpp\bpl\blp\bpi\bip\bpb\bbp\bp]\b]
          V\bVi\bi only.  Define additional paragraph boundaries for the {\b{ and }\b}
          commands.
    p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\bt [\b[o\bon\bn]\b]
          E\bEx\bx only.  Display a command prompt.
    r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by,\b, r\bro\bo [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
          Mark the file as read-only.
    r\bre\bec\bcd\bdi\bir\br [\b[/\b/v\bva\bar\br/\b/t\btm\bmp\bp/\b/v\bvi\bi.\b.r\bre\bec\bco\bov\bve\ber\br]\b]
          The directory where recovery files are stored.
    r\bre\bed\bdr\bra\baw\bw,\b, r\bre\be [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
          V\bVi\bi only.  Simulate an intelligent terminal on a dumb one.

          _\bT_\bh_\bi_\bs _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\bi_\bs _\bn_\bo_\bt _\by_\be_\bt _\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\be_\bd_\b.
    r\bre\bem\bma\bap\bp [\b[o\bon\bn]\b]
          Remap keys until resolved.
    r\bre\bep\bpo\bor\brt\bt [\b[5\b5]\b]
          Set the number of lines about which the editor reports changes or
          yanks.
    r\bru\bul\ble\ber\br [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
          V\bVi\bi only.  Display a row/column ruler on the colon command line.
    s\bsc\bcr\bro\bol\bll\bl,\b, s\bsc\bcr\br [\b[w\bwi\bin\bnd\bdo\bow\bw /\b/ 2\b2]\b]
          Set the number of lines scrolled.
    s\bse\bec\bct\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs,\b, s\bse\bec\bct\bt [\b[N\bNH\bHS\bSH\bHH\bH H\bHU\bUn\bnh\bhs\bsh\bh]\b]
          V\bVi\bi only.  Define additional section boundaries for the [\b[[\b[ and ]\b]]\b]
          commands.
    s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl,\b, s\bsh\bh [\b[e\ben\bnv\bvi\bir\bro\bon\bnm\bme\ben\bnt\bt v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL,\b, o\bor\br /\b/b\bbi\bin\bn/\b/s\bsh\bh]\b]
          Select the shell used by the editor.
    s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\blm\bme\bet\bta\ba [\b[~\b~{\b{[\b[*\b*?\b?$\b$`\b`'\b'"\b"\\b\]\b]
          Set the meta characters checked to determine if file name expansion
          is necessary.
    s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\btw\bwi\bid\bdt\bth\bh,\b, s\bsw\bw [\b[8\b8]\b]
          Set the autoindent and shift command indentation width.
    s\bsh\bho\bow\bwm\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh,\b, s\bsm\bm [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
          V\bVi\bi only.  Note matching ``{'' and ``('' for ``}'' and ``)'' charac-
          ters.
    s\bsh\bho\bow\bwm\bmo\bod\bde\be [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
          V\bVi\bi only.  Display the current editor mode and a ``modified'' flag.
    s\bsi\bid\bde\bes\bsc\bcr\bro\bol\bll\bl [\b[1\b16\b6]\b]
          V\bVi\bi only.  Set the amount a left-right scroll will shift.
    s\bsl\blo\bow\bwo\bop\bpe\ben\bn,\b, s\bsl\blo\bow\bw [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
          Delay display updating during text input.


          _\bT_\bh_\bi_\bs _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\bi_\bs _\bn_\bo_\bt _\by_\be_\bt _\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\be_\bd_\b.
    s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bea\ban\bny\by [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
          Read startup files not owned by the current user.

          _\bT_\bh_\bi_\bs _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\bw_\bi_\bl_\bl _\bn_\be_\bv_\be_\br _\bb_\be _\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\be_\bd_\b.
    t\bta\bab\bbs\bst\bto\bop\bp,\b, t\bts\bs [\b[8\b8]\b]
          This option sets tab widths for the editor display.
    t\bta\bag\bgl\ble\ben\bng\bgt\bth\bh,\b, t\btl\bl [\b[0\b0]\b]
          Set the number of significant characters in tag names.
    t\bta\bag\bgs\bs,\b, t\bta\bag\bg [\b[t\bta\bag\bgs\bs /\b/v\bva\bar\br/\b/d\bdb\bb/\b/l\bli\bib\bbc\bc.\b.t\bta\bag\bgs\bs /\b/s\bsy\bys\bs/\b/k\bke\ber\brn\bn/\b/t\bta\bag\bgs\bs]\b]
          Set the list of tags files.
    t\bte\ber\brm\bm,\b, t\btt\bty\byt\bty\byp\bpe\be,\b, t\btt\bty\by [\b[e\ben\bnv\bvi\bir\bro\bon\bnm\bme\ben\bnt\bt v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be T\bTE\bER\bRM\bM]\b]
          Set the terminal type.
    t\bte\ber\brs\bse\be [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
          This option has historically made editor messages less verbose.  It
          has no effect in this implementation.
    t\bti\bil\bld\bde\beo\bop\bp
          Modify the ~\b~ command to take an associated motion.
    t\bti\bim\bme\beo\bou\but\bt,\b, t\bto\bo [\b[o\bon\bn]\b]
          Time out on keys which may be mapped.
    t\btt\bty\byw\bwe\ber\bra\bas\bse\be [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
          V\bVi\bi only.  Select an alternate erase algorithm.
    v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
          only.  Display an error message for every error.
    w\bw3\b30\b00\b0 [\b[n\bno\bo d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt]\b]
          V\bVi\bi only.  Set the window size if the baud rate is less than 1200
          baud.
    w\bw1\b12\b20\b00\b0 [\b[n\bno\bo d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt]\b]
          V\bVi\bi only.  Set the window size if the baud rate is equal to 1200
          baud.
    w\bw9\b96\b60\b00\b0 [\b[n\bno\bo d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt]\b]
          V\bVi\bi only.  Set the window size if the baud rate is greater than 1200
          baud.
    w\bwa\bar\brn\bn [\b[o\bon\bn]\b]
          E\bEx\bx only.  This option causes a warning message to the terminal if
          the file has been modified, since it was last written, before a !\b!
          command.
    w\bwi\bin\bnd\bdo\bow\bw,\b, w\bw,\b, w\bwi\bi [\b[e\ben\bnv\bvi\bir\bro\bon\bnm\bme\ben\bnt\bt v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS]\b]
          Set the window size for the screen.
    w\bwr\bra\bap\bpl\ble\ben\bn,\b, w\bwl\bl [\b[0\b0]\b]
          V\bVi\bi only.  Break lines automatically, the specified number of
          columns from the left-hand margin.
    w\bwr\bra\bap\bpm\bma\bar\brg\bgi\bin\bn,\b, w\bwm\bm [\b[0\b0]\b]
          V\bVi\bi only.  Break lines automatically, the specified number of
          columns from the right-hand margin.
    w\bwr\bra\bap\bps\bsc\bca\ban\bn,\b, w\bws\bs [\b[o\bon\bn]\b]
          Set searches to wrap around the end or beginning of the file.
    w\bwr\bri\bit\bte\bea\ban\bny\by,\b, w\bwa\ba [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
          Turn off file-overwriting checks.

E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTA\bAL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS
    COLUMNS    The number of columns on the screen.  This value overrides any
               system or terminal specific values.  If the COLUMNS environ-
               mental variable is not set when e\bex\bx/\b/v\bvi\bi runs, or the c\bco\bol\blu\bum\bmn\bns\bs op-
               tion is explicitly reset by the user, e\bex\bx/\b/v\bvi\bi enters the value
               into the environment.
    EXINIT     A list of e\bex\bx startup commands, read if the variable NEXINIT is
               not set.
    HOME       The user's home directory, used as the initial directory path
               for the startup _\b$_\bH_\bO_\bM_\bE_\b/_\b._\bn_\be_\bx_\br_\bc and _\b$_\bH_\bO_\bM_\bE_\b/_\b._\be_\bx_\br_\bc files.  This val-
               ue is also used as the default directory for the v\bvi\bi c\bcd\bd com-
               mand.
    LINES      The number of rows on the screen.  This value overrides any
               system or terminal specific values.  If the LINES environmen-
               tal variable is not set when e\bex\bx/\b/v\bvi\bi runs, or the l\bli\bin\bne\bes\bs option
               is explicitly reset by the user, e\bex\bx/\b/v\bvi\bi enters the value into
               the environment.
    NEXINIT    A list of e\bex\bx startup commands.
    SHELL      The user's shell of choice (see also the s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl option).
    TERM       The user's terminal type.  The default is the type
               ``unknown''. If the TERM environmental variable is not set
               when e\bex\bx/\b/v\bvi\bi runs, or the t\bte\ber\brm\bm option is explicitly reset by the
               user, e\bex\bx/\b/v\bvi\bi enters the value into the environment.
    TMPDIR     The location used to stored temporary files (see also the
               d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bry\by option).

A\bAS\bSY\bYN\bNC\bCH\bHR\bRO\bON\bNO\bOU\bUS\bS E\bEV\bVE\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS
    SIGALRM     V\bVi\bi/\b/e\bex\bx uses this signal for periodic backups of file modifica-
                tions and to display ``busy'' messages when operations are
                likely to take a long time.
    SIGHUP
    SIGTERM     If the current buffer has changed since it was last written
                in its entirety, the editor attempts to save the modified
                file so it can be later recovered.  See the v\bvi\bi/\b/e\bex\bx Reference
                manual section entitled ``Recovery'' for more information.
    SIGINT      When an interrupt occurs, the current operation is halted,
                and the editor returns to the command level.  If interrupted
                during text input, the text already input is resolved into
                the file as if the text input had been normally terminated.
    SIGWINCH    The screen is resized.  See the v\bvi\bi/\b/e\bex\bx Reference manual sec-
                tion entitled ``Sizing the Screen'' for more information.
    SIGCONT
    SIGQUIT
    SIGTSTP     V\bVi\bi/\b/e\bex\bx ignores these signals.

B\bBU\bUG\bGS\bS
    See the file _\bn_\bv_\bi_\b/_\bd_\bo_\bc_\bs_\b/_\bb_\bu_\bg_\bs_\b._\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt for a list of the known bugs in this
    version.

F\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bS
    /bin/sh              The default user shell.
    /etc/vi.exrc         System-wide vi startup file.
    /tmp                 Temporary file directory.
    /var/tmp/vi.recover  The default recovery file directory.
    $HOME/.nexrc         1st choice for user's home directory startup file.
    $HOME/.exrc          2nd choice for user's home directory startup file.
    .nexrc               1st choice for local directory startup file.
    .exrc                2nd choice for local directory startup file.

S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
    ctags(1),  more(1),  curses(3),  dbopen(3)

    The ``Vi Quick Reference'' card.

    ``An Introduction to Display Editing with Vi'', found in the ``UNIX
    User's Manual Supplementary Documents'' section of both the 4.3BSD and
    4.4BSD manual sets.  This document is the closest thing available to an
    introduction to the v\bvi\bi screen editor.

    ``Ex Reference Manual (Version 3.7)'', found in the ``UNIX User's Manual
    Supplementary Documents'' section of both the 4.3BSD and 4.4BSD manual
    sets.  This document is the final reference for the e\bex\bx editor, as dis-
    tributed in most historic 4BSD and System V systems.

    ``Edit: A tutorial'', found in the ``UNIX User's Manual Supplementary
    Documents'' section of the 4.3BSD manual set.  This document is an intro-
    duction to a simple version of the e\bex\bx screen editor.

    ``Ex/Vi Reference Manual'', found in the ``UNIX User's Manual
    Supplementary Documents'' section of the 4.4BSD manual set.  This docu-
    ment is the final reference for the n\bne\bex\bx/\b/n\bnv\bvi\bi text editors, as distributed
    in 4.4BSD and 4.4BSD-Lite.

    R\bRo\bof\bff\bf source for all of these documents is distributed with n\bne\bex\bx/\b/n\bnv\bvi\bi in the
    _\bn_\bv_\bi_\b/_\bU_\bS_\bD_\b._\bd_\bo_\bc directory of the n\bne\bex\bx/\b/n\bnv\bvi\bi source code.

    The files ``autowrite'', ``input'', ``quoting'', and ``structures'',
    found in the _\bn_\bv_\bi_\b/_\bd_\bo_\bc_\bs_\b/_\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\ba_\bl_\bs directory of the n\bne\bex\bx/\b/n\bnv\bvi\bi source code.

H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY
    The n\bne\bex\bx/\b/n\bnv\bvi\bi replacements for the e\bex\bx/\b/v\bvi\bi editor first appeared in 4.4BSD.

S\bST\bTA\bAN\bND\bDA\bAR\bRD\bDS\bS
    N\bNe\bex\bx/\b/n\bnv\bvi\bi is close to IEEE Std1003.2 (``POSIX'').  That document differs
    from historical e\bex\bx/\b/v\bvi\bi practice in several places; there are changes to be
    made on both sides.

4.4BSD                         November 20, 1994                            13