+EX/VI(1) BSD Reference Manual EX/VI(1)
+
+N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
+ e\bex\bx,\b, v\bvi\bi,\b, v\bvi\bie\bew\bw - text editors
+
+S\bSY\bYN\bNO\bOP\bPS\bSI\bIS\bS
+ e\bex\bx [-\b-e\beF\bFR\bRr\brs\bsv\bv] [-\b-c\bc _\bc_\bm_\bd] [-\b-t\bt _\bt_\ba_\bg] [-\b-w\bw _\bs_\bi_\bz_\be] [_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\b._\b._\b.]
+ v\bvi\bi [-\b-e\beF\bFl\blR\bRr\brv\bv] [-\b-c\bc _\bc_\bm_\bd] [-\b-t\bt _\bt_\ba_\bg] [-\b-w\bw _\bs_\bi_\bz_\be] [_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\b._\b._\b.]
+ v\bvi\bie\bew\bw [-\b-e\beF\bFR\bRr\brv\bv] [-\b-c\bc _\bc_\bm_\bd] [-\b-t\bt _\bt_\ba_\bg] [-\b-w\bw _\bs_\bi_\bz_\be] [_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\b._\b._\b.]
+
+D\bDE\bES\bSC\bCR\bRI\bIP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
+ V\bVi\bi is a screen oriented text editor. E\bEx\bx is a line-oriented text editor.
+ E\bEx\bx and v\bvi\bi are different interfaces to the same program, and it is possi-
+ ble to switch back and forth during an edit session. V\bVi\bie\bew\bw is the equiva-
+ lent of using the -\b-R\bR (read-only) option of v\bvi\bi.
+
+ This manual page is the one provided with the n\bne\bex\bx/\b/n\bnv\bvi\bi versions of the
+ e\bex\bx/\b/v\bvi\bi text editors. N\bNe\bex\bx/\b/n\bnv\bvi\bi are intended as bug-for-bug compatible re-
+ placements for the original Fourth Berkeley Software Distribution (4BSD)
+ e\bex\bx and v\bvi\bi programs. For the rest of this manual page, n\bne\bex\bx/\b/n\bnv\bvi\bi is used
+ only when it's necessary to distinguish it from the historic implementa-
+ tions of e\bex\bx/\b/v\bvi\bi.
+
+ This manual page is intended for users already familiar with e\bex\bx/\b/v\bvi\bi. Any-
+ one else should almost certainly read a good tutorial on the editor be-
+ fore this manual page. If you're in an unfamiliar environment, and you
+ absolutely have to get work done immediately, read the section after the
+ options description, entitled ``Fast Startup''. It's probably enough to
+ get you going.
+
+ The following options are available:
+
+ -\b-c\bc Execute _\bc_\bm_\bd immediately after starting the edit session. Partic-
+ ularly useful for initial positioning in the file, however _\bc_\bm_\bd is
+ not limited to positioning commands. This is the POSIX 1003.2
+ interface for the historic ``+cmd'' syntax. N\bNe\bex\bx/\b/n\bnv\bvi\bi supports
+ both the old and new syntax.
+
+ -\b-e\be Start editing in ex mode, as if the command name were e\bex\bx.
+
+ -\b-F\bF Don't copy the entire file when first starting to edit. (The de-
+ fault is to make a copy in case someone else modifies the file
+ during your edit session.)
+
+ -\b-l\bl Start editing with the lisp and showmatch options set.
+
+ -\b-R\bR Start editing in read-only mode, as if the command name was v\bvi\bie\bew\bw,
+ or the readonly option was set.
+
+ -\b-r\br Recover the specified files, or, if no files are specified, list
+ the files that could be recovered. If no recoverable files by
+ the specified name exist, the file is edited as if the -\b-r\br option
+ had not been specified.
+
+ -\b-s\bs Enter batch mode; applicable only to e\bex\bx edit sessions. Batch
+ mode is useful when running e\bex\bx scripts. Prompts, informative
+ messages and other user oriented message are turned off, and no
+ startup files or environmental variables are read. This is the
+ POSIX 1003.2 interface for the historic ``-'' argument. N\bNe\bex\bx/\b/n\bnv\bvi\bi
+ supports both the old and new syntax.
+
+ -\b-t\bt Start editing at the specified tag. (See ctags(1)).
+
+
+
+ -\b-w\bw Set the initial window size to the specified number of lines.
+
+ -\b-v\bv Start editing in vi mode, as if the command name was v\bvi\bi or v\bvi\bie\bew\bw.
+
+ -\b-X\bX Reserved for X11 interfaces. _\bN_\bo _\bX_\b1_\b1 _\bs_\bu_\bp_\bp_\bo_\br_\bt _\bi_\bs _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt_\bl_\by
+ _\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\be_\bd_\b.
+
+ Command input for e\bex\bx/\b/v\bvi\bi is read from the standard input. In the v\bvi\bi in-
+ terface, it is an error if standard input is not a terminal. In the e\bex\bx
+ interface, if standard input is not a terminal, e\bex\bx will read commands
+ from it regardless, however, the session will be a batch mode session,
+ exactly as if the -\b-s\bs option had been specified.
+
+ E\bEx\bx/\b/v\bvi\bi exits 0 on success, and greater than 0 if an error occurs.
+
+F\bFA\bAS\bST\bT S\bST\bTA\bAR\bRT\bTU\bUP\bP
+ This section will tell you the minimum amount that you need to do simple
+ editing tasks using v\bvi\bi. If you've never used any screen editor before,
+ you're likely to have problems even with this simple introduction. In
+ that case you should find someone that already knows v\bvi\bi and have them
+ walk you through this section.
+
+ V\bVi\bi is a screen editor. This means that it takes up almost the entire
+ screen, displaying part of the file on each screen line, except for the
+ last line of the screen. The last line of the screen is used for you to
+ give commands to v\bvi\bi, and for v\bvi\bi to give information to you.
+
+ The other fact that you need to understand is that v\bvi\bi is a modeful edi-
+ tor, i.e. you are either entering text or you are executing commands, and
+ you have to be in the right mode to do one or the other. You will be in
+ command mode when you first start editing a file. There are commands
+ that switch you into input mode. There is only one key that takes you
+ out of input mode, and that is the <escape> key. (Key names are written
+ using less-than and greater-than signs, e.g. <escape> means the
+ ``escape'' key, usually labeled ``esc'' on your terminal's keyboard.) If
+ you're ever confused as to which mode you're in, keep entering the <es-
+ cape> key until v\bvi\bi beeps at you. (Generally, v\bvi\bi will beep at you if you
+ try and do something that's not allowed. It will also display error mes-
+ sages.)
+
+ To start editing a file, enter the command ``vi file_name<carriage-
+ return>''. The command you should enter as soon as you start editing is
+ ``:set verbose showmode<carriage-return>''. This will make the editor
+ give you verbose error messages and display the current mode at the bot-
+ tom of the screen.
+
+ The commands to move around the file are:
+ h\bh Move the cursor left one character.
+ j\bj Move the cursor down one line.
+ k\bk Move the cursor up one line.
+ l\bl Move the cursor right one character.
+ <\b<c\bcu\bur\brs\bso\bor\br-\b-a\bar\brr\bro\bow\bws\bs>\b>
+ The cursor arrow keys should work, too.
+ /\b/t\bte\bex\bxt\bt<\b<c\bca\bar\brr\bri\bia\bag\bge\be-\b-r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn>\b>
+ Search for the string ``text'' in the file, and move the cursor to
+ its first character.
+
+ The commands to enter new text are:
+ a\ba Append new text, _\ba_\bf_\bt_\be_\br the cursor.
+ i\bi Insert new text, _\bb_\be_\bf_\bo_\br_\be the cursor.
+ o\bo Open a new line below the line the cursor is on, and start entering
+ text.
+ O\bO Open a new line above the line the cursor is on, and start entering
+ text.
+ <\b<e\bes\bsc\bca\bap\bpe\be>\b>
+ Once you've entered input mode using the one of the a\ba, i\bi, O\bO, or o\bo
+ commands, use <\b<e\bes\bsc\bca\bap\bpe\be>\b> to quit entering text and return to command
+ mode.
+
+ The commands to copy text are:
+ y\byy\by Copy the line the cursor is on.
+ p\bp Append the copied line after the line the cursor is on.
+
+ The commands to delete text are:
+ d\bdd\bd Delete the line the cursor is on.
+ x\bx Delete the character the cursor is on.
+
+ The commands to write the file are:
+ :\b:w\bw<\b<c\bca\bar\brr\bri\bia\bag\bge\be-\b-r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn>\b>
+ Write the file back to the file with the name that you originally
+ used as an argument on the v\bvi\bi command line.
+ :\b:w\bw f\bfi\bil\ble\be_\b_n\bna\bam\bme\be<\b<c\bca\bar\brr\bri\bia\bag\bge\be-\b-r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn>\b>
+ Write the file back to the file with the name ``file_name''.
+
+ The commands to quit editing and exit the editor are:
+ :\b:q\bq<\b<c\bca\bar\brr\bri\bia\bag\bge\be-\b-r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn>\b>
+ Quit editing and leave vi (if you've modified the file, but not
+ saved your changes, v\bvi\bi will refuse to quit).
+ :\b:q\bq!\b!<\b<c\bca\bar\brr\bri\bia\bag\bge\be-\b-r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn>\b>
+ Quit, discarding any modifications that you may have made.
+
+ One final caution. Unusual characters can take up more than one column
+ on the screen, and long lines can take up more than a single screen line.
+ The above commands work on ``physical'' characters and lines, i.e. they
+ affect the entire line no matter how many screen lines it takes up and
+ the entire character no matter how many screen columns it takes up.
+
+V\bVI\bI C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS
+ The following section describes the commands available in the command
+ mode of the v\bvi\bi editor. In each entry below, the tag line is a usage syn-
+ opsis for the command character.
+
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-A\bA>\b>
+ Search forward count times for the current word.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-B\bB>\b>
+ Page backwards count screens.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-D\bD>\b>
+ Scroll forward count lines.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-E\bE>\b>
+ Scroll forward count lines, leaving the current line and column as
+ is, if possible.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-F\bF>\b>
+ Page forward count screens.
+ <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-G\bG>\b>
+ Display the file information.
+ <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-H\bH>\b>
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] h\bh
+ Move the cursor back count characters in the current line.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-J\bJ>\b>
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-N\bN>\b>
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] j\bj
+ Move the cursor down count lines without changing the current col-
+ umn.
+ <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-L\bL>\b>
+ <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-R\bR>\b>
+ Repaint the screen.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-M\bM>\b>
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] +\b+
+ Move the cursor down count lines to the first nonblank character of
+ that line.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-P\bP>\b>
+
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] k\bk
+ Move the cursor up count lines, without changing the current col-
+ umn.
+ <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-T\bT>\b>
+ Return to the most recent tag context.
+ <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-U\bU>\b>
+ Scroll backwards count lines.
+ <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-W\bW>\b>
+ Switch to the next lower screen in the window, or, to the first
+ screen if there are no lower screens in the window.
+ <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-Y\bY>\b>
+ Scroll backwards count lines, leaving the current line and column
+ as is, if possible.
+ <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-Z\bZ>\b>
+ Suspend the current editor session.
+ <\b<e\bes\bsc\bca\bap\bpe\be>\b>
+ Execute e\bex\bx commands or cancel partial commands.
+ <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-]\b]>\b>
+ Push a tag reference onto the tag stack.
+ <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-^\b^>\b>
+ Switch to the most recently edited file.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] <\b<s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be>\b>
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] l\bl
+ Move the cursor forward count characters without changing the cur-
+ rent line.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] !\b! m\bmo\bot\bti\bio\bon\bn s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt(\b(s\bs)\b)
+ Replace text with results from a shell command.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] #\b# +\b+|\b|-\b-
+ Increment or decrement the cursor number.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] $\b$
+ Move the cursor to the end of a line.
+ %\b% Move to the matching character.
+ &\b& Repeat the previous substitution command on the current line.
+ '\b'<\b<c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\br>\b>
+ `\b`<\b<c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\br>\b>
+ Return to a context marked by the character <character>.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] (\b(
+ Back up count sentences.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] )\b)
+ Move forward count sentences.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] ,\b,
+ Reverse find character count times.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] -\b-
+ Move to first nonblank of the previous line, count times.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] .\b.
+ Repeat the last v\bvi\bi command that modified text.
+ /\b/R\bRE\bE<\b<c\bca\bar\brr\bri\bia\bag\bge\be-\b-r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn>\b>
+ /\b/R\bRE\bE/\b/ [\b[o\bof\bff\bfs\bse\bet\bt]\b]<\b<c\bca\bar\brr\bri\bia\bag\bge\be-\b-r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn>\b>
+ ?\b?R\bRE\bE<\b<c\bca\bar\brr\bri\bia\bag\bge\be-\b-r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn>\b>
+ ?\b?R\bRE\bE?\b? [\b[o\bof\bff\bfs\bse\bet\bt]\b]<\b<c\bca\bar\brr\bri\bia\bag\bge\be-\b-r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn>\b>
+ N\bN
+ n\bn Search forward or backward for a regular expression.
+ 0\b0 Move to the first character in the current line.
+ : Execute an ex command.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] ;\b;
+ Repeat the last character find count times.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] <\b< m\bmo\bot\bti\bio\bon\bn
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] >\b> m\bmo\bot\bti\bio\bon\bn
+ Shift lines left or right.
+ @\b@ b\bbu\buf\bff\bfe\ber\br
+ Execute a named buffer.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] A\bA
+ Enter input mode, appending the text after the end of the line.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] B\bB
+
+
+ Move backwards count bigwords.
+ [\b[b\bbu\buf\bff\bfe\ber\br]\b] [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] C\bC
+ Change text from the current position to the end-of-line.
+ [\b[b\bbu\buf\bff\bfe\ber\br]\b] D\bD
+ Delete text from the current position to the end-of-line.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] E\bE
+ Move forward count end-of-bigwords.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] F\bF <\b<c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\br>\b>
+ Search count times backward through the current line for
+ <character>.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] G\bG
+ Move to line count, or the last line of the file if count not spec-
+ ified.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] H\bH
+ Move to the screen line count - 1 lines below the top of the
+ screen.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] I\bI
+ Enter input mode, inserting the text at the beginning of the line.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] J\bJ
+ Join lines.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] L\bL
+ Move to the screen line count - 1 lines above the bottom of the
+ screen.
+ M\bM Move to the screen line in the middle of the screen.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] O\bO
+ Enter input mode, appending text in a new line above the current
+ line.
+ [\b[b\bbu\buf\bff\bfe\ber\br]\b] P\bP
+ Insert text from a buffer.
+ Q\bQ Exit v\bvi\bi (or visual) mode and switch to e\bex\bx mode.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] R\bR
+ Enter input mode, replacing the characters in the current line.
+ [\b[b\bbu\buf\bff\bfe\ber\br]\b] [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] S\bS
+ Substitute count lines.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] T\bT <\b<c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\br>\b>
+ Search backwards, count times, through the current line for the
+ character _\ba_\bf_\bt_\be_\br the specified <character>.
+ U\bU Restore the current line to its state before the cursor last moved
+ to it.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] W\bW
+ Move forward count bigwords.
+ [\b[b\bbu\buf\bff\bfe\ber\br]\b] [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] X\bX
+ Delete count characters before the cursor.
+ [\b[b\bbu\buf\bff\bfe\ber\br]\b] [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] Y\bY
+ Copy (or ``yank'') count lines into the specified buffer.
+ Z\bZZ\bZ Write the file and exit v\bvi\bi.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] [\b[[\b[
+ Back up count section boundaries.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] ]\b]]\b]
+ Move forward count section boundaries.
+ ^\b^ Move to first nonblank character on the current line.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] _\b_
+ Move down count - 1 lines, to the first nonblank character.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] a\ba
+ Enter input mode, appending the text after the cursor.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] b\bb
+ Move backwards count words.
+ [\b[b\bbu\buf\bff\bfe\ber\br]\b] [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] c\bc m\bmo\bot\bti\bio\bon\bn
+ Change a region of text.
+ [\b[b\bbu\buf\bff\bfe\ber\br]\b] [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] d\bd m\bmo\bot\bti\bio\bon\bn
+ Delete a region of text.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] e\be
+ Move forward count end-of-words.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] f\bf<\b<c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\br>\b>
+ Search forward, count times, through the rest of the current line
+
+ for <character>.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] i\bi
+ Enter input mode, inserting the text before the cursor.
+ m\bm <\b<c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\br>\b>
+ Save the current context (line and column) as <character>.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] o\bo
+ Enter input mode, appending text in a new line under the current
+ line.
+ [\b[b\bbu\buf\bff\bfe\ber\br]\b] p\bp
+ Append text from a buffer.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] r\br <\b<c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\br>\b>
+ Replace count characters.
+ [\b[b\bbu\buf\bff\bfe\ber\br]\b] [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] s\bs
+ Substitute count characters in the current line starting with the
+ current character.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] t\bt <\b<c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\br>\b>
+ Search forward, count times, through the current line for the char-
+ acter immediately _\bb_\be_\bf_\bo_\br_\be <character>.
+ u\bu Undo the last change made to the file.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] w\bw
+ Move forward count words.
+ [\b[b\bbu\buf\bff\bfe\ber\br]\b] [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] x\bx
+ Delete count characters.
+ [\b[b\bbu\buf\bff\bfe\ber\br]\b] [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] y\by m\bmo\bot\bti\bio\bon\bn
+ Copy (or ``yank'') a text region specified by the count and motion
+ into a buffer.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt1\b1]\b] z\bz [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt2\b2]\b] -\b-|\b|.\b.|\b|+\b+|\b|^\b^|\b|<\b<c\bca\bar\brr\bri\bia\bag\bge\be-\b-r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn>\b>
+ Redraw, optionally repositioning and resizing the screen.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] {\b{
+ Move backward count paragraphs.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] |\b|
+ Move to a specific _\bc_\bo_\bl_\bu_\bm_\bn position on the current line.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] }\b}
+ Move forward count paragraphs.
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] ~\b~
+ Reverse the case of the next count character(s).
+ [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] ~\b~ m\bmo\bot\bti\bio\bon\bn
+ Reverse the case of the characters in a text region specified by
+ the count and motion.
+ <\b<i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\brr\bru\bup\bpt\bt>\b>
+ Interrupt the current operation.
+
+V\bVI\bI T\bTE\bEX\bXT\bT I\bIN\bNP\bPU\bUT\bT C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS
+ The following section describes the commands available in the text input
+ mode of the v\bvi\bi editor.
+
+ <\b<n\bnu\bul\bl>\b>
+ Replay the previous input.
+ <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-D\bD>\b>
+ Erase the previous autoindent character.
+ ^\b^<\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-D\bD>\b>
+ Erase all of the autoindent characters, and reset the autoindent
+ level.
+ 0\b0<\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-D\bD>\b>
+ Erase all of the autoindent characters.
+ <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-T\bT>\b>
+ Insert sufficient <tab> and <space> characters to move the cursor
+ forward to a column immediately after the next column which is an
+ even multiple of the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\btw\bwi\bid\bdt\bth\bh option.
+ <\b<e\ber\bra\bas\bse\be>\b>
+ <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-H\bH>\b>
+ Erase the last character.
+ <\b<l\bli\bit\bte\ber\bra\bal\bl n\bne\bex\bxt\bt>\b>
+ Quote the next character.
+ <\b<e\bes\bsc\bca\bap\bpe\be>\b>
+
+ Resolve all text input into the file, and return to command mode.
+ <\b<l\bli\bin\bne\be e\ber\bra\bas\bse\be>\b>
+ Erase the current line.
+ <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-W\bW>\b>
+ <\b<w\bwo\bor\brd\bd e\ber\bra\bas\bse\be>\b>
+ Erase the last word. The definition of word is dependent on the
+ a\bal\blt\btw\bwe\ber\bra\bas\bse\be and t\btt\bty\byw\bwe\ber\bra\bas\bse\be options.
+ <\b<c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-X\bX>\b>[\b[0\b0-\b-9\b9A\bA-\b-F\bFa\ba-\b-f\bf]\b]*\b*
+ Insert a character with the specified hexadecimal value into the
+ text.
+ <\b<i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\brr\bru\bup\bpt\bt>\b>
+ Interrupt text input mode, returning to command mode.
+
+E\bEX\bX C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS
+ The following section describes the commands available in the e\bex\bx editor.
+ In each entry below, the tag line is a usage synopsis for the command.
+
+ <\b<e\ben\bnd\bd-\b-o\bof\bf-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\be>\b>
+ Scroll the screen.
+ !\b! a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt(\b(s\bs)\b)
+ [\b[r\bra\ban\bng\bge\be]\b]!\b! a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt(\b(s\bs)\b)
+ Execute a shell command, or filter lines through a shell command.
+ "\b" A comment.
+ [\b[r\bra\ban\bng\bge\be]\b] n\bnu\bu[\b[m\bmb\bbe\ber\br]\b] [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] [\b[f\bfl\bla\bag\bgs\bs]\b]
+ [\b[r\bra\ban\bng\bge\be]\b] #\b# [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] [\b[f\bfl\bla\bag\bgs\bs]\b]
+ Display the selected lines, each preceded with its line number.
+ @\b@ b\bbu\buf\bff\bfe\ber\br
+ *\b* b\bbu\buf\bff\bfe\ber\br
+ Execute a buffer.
+ [\b[r\bra\ban\bng\bge\be]\b] d\bd[\b[e\bel\ble\bet\bte\be]\b] [\b[b\bbu\buf\bff\bfe\ber\br]\b] [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] [\b[f\bfl\bla\bag\bgs\bs]\b]
+ Delete the lines from the file.
+ d\bdi\bi[\b[s\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by]\b] b\bb[\b[u\buf\bff\bfe\ber\brs\bs]\b] |\b| s\bs[\b[c\bcr\bre\bee\ben\bns\bs]\b] |\b| t\bt[\b[a\bag\bgs\bs]\b]
+ Display buffers, screens or tags.
+ e\be[\b[d\bdi\bit\bt]\b][\b[!\b!]\b] [\b[+\b+c\bcm\bmd\bd]\b] [\b[f\bfi\bil\ble\be]\b]
+ e\bex\bx[\b[!\b!]\b] [\b[+\b+c\bcm\bmd\bd]\b] [\b[f\bfi\bil\ble\be]\b]
+ Edit a different file.
+ e\bex\bxu\bu[\b[s\bsa\bag\bge\be]\b] [\b[c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd]\b]
+ Display usage for an e\bex\bx command.
+ f\bf[\b[i\bil\ble\be]\b] [\b[f\bfi\bil\ble\be]\b]
+ Display and optionally change the file name.
+ f\bfg\bg [\b[n\bna\bam\bme\be]\b]
+ V\bVi\bi mode only. Foreground the specified screen.
+ [\b[r\bra\ban\bng\bge\be]\b] g\bg[\b[l\blo\bob\bba\bal\bl]\b] /\b/p\bpa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn/\b/ [\b[c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs]\b]
+ [\b[r\bra\ban\bng\bge\be]\b] v\bv /\b/p\bpa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn/\b/ [\b[c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs]\b]
+ Apply commands to lines matching (or not matching) a pattern.
+ h\bhe\be[\b[l\blp\bp]\b]
+ Display a help message.
+ [\b[l\bli\bin\bne\be]\b] i\bi[\b[n\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt]\b][\b[!\b!]\b]
+ The input text is inserted before the specified line.
+ [\b[r\bra\ban\bng\bge\be]\b] j\bj[\b[o\boi\bin\bn]\b][\b[!\b!]\b] [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] [\b[f\bfl\bla\bag\bgs\bs]\b]
+ Join lines of text together.
+ [\b[r\bra\ban\bng\bge\be]\b] l\bl[\b[i\bis\bst\bt]\b] [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] [\b[f\bfl\bla\bag\bgs\bs]\b]
+ Display the lines unambiguously.
+ m\bma\bap\bp[\b[!\b!]\b] [\b[l\blh\bhs\bs r\brh\bhs\bs]\b]
+ Define or display maps (for v\bvi\bi only).
+ [\b[l\bli\bin\bne\be]\b] m\bma\ba[\b[r\brk\bk]\b] <\b<c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\br>\b>
+ [\b[l\bli\bin\bne\be]\b] k\bk <\b<c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\br>\b>
+ Mark the line with the mark <character>.
+ [\b[r\bra\ban\bng\bge\be]\b] m\bm[\b[o\bov\bve\be]\b] l\bli\bin\bne\be
+ Move the specified lines after the target line.
+ m\bmk\bk[\b[e\bex\bxr\brc\bc]\b][\b[!\b!]\b] f\bfi\bil\ble\be
+ Write the abbreviations, editor options and maps to the specified
+ file.
+ n\bn[\b[e\bex\bxt\bt]\b][\b[!\b!]\b] [\b[f\bfi\bil\ble\be .\b..\b..\b.]\b]
+
+
+ Edit the next file from the argument list.
+ [\b[l\bli\bin\bne\be]\b] o\bo[\b[p\bpe\ben\bn]\b] /\b/p\bpa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn/\b/ [\b[f\bfl\bla\bag\bgs\bs]\b]
+ Enter open mode.
+ p\bpr\bre\be[\b[s\bse\ber\brv\bve\be]\b]
+ Save the file in a form that can later be recovered using the e\bex\bx -\b-r\br
+ option.
+ p\bpr\bre\bev\bv[\b[i\bio\bou\bus\bs]\b][\b[!\b!]\b]
+ Edit the previous file from the argument list.
+ [\b[r\bra\ban\bng\bge\be]\b] p\bp[\b[r\bri\bin\bnt\bt]\b] [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] [\b[f\bfl\bla\bag\bgs\bs]\b]
+ Display the specified lines.
+ [\b[l\bli\bin\bne\be]\b] p\bpu\bu[\b[t\bt]\b] [\b[b\bbu\buf\bff\bfe\ber\br]\b]
+ Append buffer contents to the current line.
+ q\bq[\b[u\bui\bit\bt]\b][\b[!\b!]\b]
+ End the editing session.
+ [\b[l\bli\bin\bne\be]\b] r\br[\b[e\bea\bad\bd]\b][\b[!\b!]\b] [\b[f\bfi\bil\ble\be]\b]
+ Read a file.
+ r\bre\bec\bc[\b[o\bov\bve\ber\br]\b] f\bfi\bil\ble\be
+ Recover file if it was previously saved.
+ r\bre\bes\bs[\b[i\biz\bze\be]\b] [\b[+\b+|\b|-\b-]\b]s\bsi\biz\bze\be
+ V\bVi\bi mode only. Grow or shrink the current screen.
+ r\bre\bew\bw[\b[i\bin\bnd\bd]\b][\b[!\b!]\b]
+ Rewind the argument list.
+ s\bse\be[\b[t\bt]\b] [\b[o\bop\bpt\bti\bio\bon\bn[\b[=\b=[\b[v\bva\bal\blu\bue\be]\b]]\b] .\b..\b..\b.]\b] [\b[n\bno\boo\bop\bpt\bti\bio\bon\bn .\b..\b..\b.]\b] [\b[o\bop\bpt\bti\bio\bon\bn?\b? .\b..\b..\b.]\b] [\b[a\bal\bll\bl]\b]
+ Display or set editor options.
+ s\bsh\bh[\b[e\bel\bll\bl]\b]
+ Run a shell program.
+ s\bso\bo[\b[u\bur\brc\bce\be]\b] f\bfi\bil\ble\be
+ Read and execute e\bex\bx commands from a file.
+ s\bsp\bp[\b[l\bli\bit\bt]\b] [\b[f\bfi\bil\ble\be .\b..\b..\b.]\b]
+ V\bVi\bi mode only. Split the screen.
+ [\b[r\bra\ban\bng\bge\be]\b] s\bs[\b[u\bub\bbs\bst\bti\bit\btu\but\bte\be]\b] [\b[/\b/p\bpa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn/\b/r\bre\bep\bpl\bla\bac\bce\be/\b/]\b] [\b[o\bop\bpt\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs]\b] [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] [\b[f\bfl\bla\bag\bgs\bs]\b]
+ [\b[r\bra\ban\bng\bge\be]\b] &\b& [\b[o\bop\bpt\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs]\b] [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] [\b[f\bfl\bla\bag\bgs\bs]\b]
+ [\b[r\bra\ban\bng\bge\be]\b] ~\b~ [\b[o\bop\bpt\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs]\b] [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] [\b[f\bfl\bla\bag\bgs\bs]\b]
+ Make substitutions.
+ s\bsu\bu[\b[s\bsp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd]\b][\b[!\b!]\b]
+ s\bst\bt[\b[o\bop\bp]\b][\b[!\b!]\b]
+ <\b<s\bsu\bus\bsp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd>\b>
+ Suspend the edit session.
+ t\bta\ba[\b[g\bg]\b][\b[!\b!]\b] t\bta\bag\bgs\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg
+ Edit the file containing the specified tag.
+ t\bta\bag\bgp\bp[\b[o\bop\bp]\b][\b[!\b!]\b] [\b[f\bfi\bil\ble\be |\b| n\bnu\bum\bmb\bbe\ber\br]\b]
+ Pop to the specified tag in the tags stack.
+ u\bun\bnm\bm[\b[a\bap\bp]\b][\b[!\b!]\b] l\blh\bhs\bs
+ Unmap a mapped string.
+ v\bve\be[\b[r\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn]\b]
+ Display the version of the e\bex\bx/\b/v\bvi\bi editor.
+ [\b[l\bli\bin\bne\be]\b] v\bvi\bi[\b[s\bsu\bua\bal\bl]\b] [\b[t\bty\byp\bpe\be]\b] [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] [\b[f\bfl\bla\bag\bgs\bs]\b]
+ E\bEx\bx mode only. Enter v\bvi\bi.
+ v\bvi\bi[\b[s\bsu\bua\bal\bl]\b][\b[!\b!]\b] [\b[+\b+c\bcm\bmd\bd]\b] [\b[f\bfi\bil\ble\be]\b]
+ V\bVi\bi mode only. Edit a new file.
+ v\bvi\biu\bu[\b[s\bsa\bag\bge\be]\b] [\b[c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd]\b]
+ Display usage for a v\bvi\bi command.
+ [\b[r\bra\ban\bng\bge\be]\b] w\bw[\b[r\bri\bit\bte\be]\b][\b[!\b!]\b] [\b[>\b>>\b>]\b] [\b[f\bfi\bil\ble\be]\b]
+ [\b[r\bra\ban\bng\bge\be]\b] w\bw[\b[r\bri\bit\bte\be]\b] [\b[!\b!]\b] [\b[f\bfi\bil\ble\be]\b]
+ [\b[r\bra\ban\bng\bge\be]\b] w\bwn\bn[\b[!\b!]\b] [\b[>\b>>\b>]\b] [\b[f\bfi\bil\ble\be]\b]
+ [\b[r\bra\ban\bng\bge\be]\b] w\bwq\bq[\b[!\b!]\b] [\b[>\b>>\b>]\b] [\b[f\bfi\bil\ble\be]\b]
+ Write the file.
+ [\b[r\bra\ban\bng\bge\be]\b] x\bx[\b[i\bit\bt]\b][\b[!\b!]\b] [\b[f\bfi\bil\ble\be]\b]
+ Write the file if it has been modified.
+ [\b[r\bra\ban\bng\bge\be]\b] y\bya\ba[\b[n\bnk\bk]\b] [\b[b\bbu\buf\bff\bfe\ber\br]\b] [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b]
+ Copy the specified lines to a buffer.
+ [\b[l\bli\bin\bne\be]\b] z\bz [\b[t\bty\byp\bpe\be]\b] [\b[c\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bt]\b] [\b[f\bfl\bla\bag\bgs\bs]\b]
+ Adjust the window.
+
+S\bSE\bET\bT O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
+ There are a large number of options that may be set (or unset) to change
+ the editor's behavior. This section describes the options, their abbre-
+ viations and their default values.
+
+ In each entry below, the first part of the tag line is the full name of
+ the option, followed by any equivalent abbreviations. The part in square
+ brackets is the default value of the option. Most of the options are
+ boolean, i.e. they are either on or off, and do not have an associated
+ value.
+
+ Options apply to both e\bex\bx and v\bvi\bi modes, unless otherwise specified.
+
+ a\bal\blt\btw\bwe\ber\bra\bas\bse\be [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
+ V\bVi\bi only. Select an alternate word erase algorithm.
+ a\bau\but\bto\boi\bin\bnd\bde\ben\bnt\bt,\b, a\bai\bi [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
+ Automatically indent new lines.
+ a\bau\but\bto\bop\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bt,\b, a\bap\bp [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
+ E\bEx\bx only. Display the current line automatically.
+ a\bau\but\bto\bow\bwr\bri\bit\bte\be,\b, a\baw\bw [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
+ Write modified files automatically when changing files.
+ b\bba\bac\bck\bku\bup\bp [\b["\b""\b"]\b]
+ Backup files before they are overwritten.
+ b\bbe\bea\bau\but\bti\bif\bfy\by,\b, b\bbf\bf [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
+ Discard control characters.
+ c\bcd\bdp\bpa\bat\bth\bh [\b[e\ben\bnv\bvi\bir\bro\bon\bnm\bme\ben\bnt\bt v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH,\b, o\bor\br c\bcu\bur\brr\bre\ben\bnt\bt d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bry\by]\b]
+ The directory paths used as path prefixes for the c\bcd\bd command.
+ c\bco\bol\blu\bum\bmn\bns\bs,\b, c\bco\bo [\b[8\b80\b0]\b]
+ Set the number of columns in the screen.
+ c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
+ V\bVi\bi only. Skip leading comments in files.
+ d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bry\by,\b, d\bdi\bir\br [\b[e\ben\bnv\bvi\bir\bro\bon\bnm\bme\ben\bnt\bt v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be T\bTM\bMP\bPD\bDI\bIR\bR,\b, o\bor\br /\b/t\btm\bmp\bp]\b]
+ The directory where temporary files are created.
+ e\bed\bdc\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bti\bib\bbl\ble\be,\b, e\bed\bd [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
+ Remember the values of the ``c'' and ``g'' suffices to the
+ s\bsu\bub\bbs\bst\bti\bit\btu\but\bte\be commands, instead of initializing them as unset for each
+ new command.
+ e\ber\brr\bro\bor\brb\bbe\bel\bll\bls\bs,\b, e\beb\bb [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
+ E\bEx\bx only. Announce error messages with a bell.
+ e\bex\bxr\brc\bc,\b, e\bex\bx [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
+ Never read startup files in the local directory.
+ e\bex\bxt\bte\ben\bnd\bde\bed\bd [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
+ Regular expressions are extended (i.e. egrep(1) style) expres-
+ sions.
+ f\bfl\bla\bas\bsh\bh [\b[o\bon\bn]\b]
+ Flash the screen instead of beeping the keyboard on error.
+ h\bha\bar\brd\bdt\bta\bab\bbs\bs,\b, h\bht\bt [\b[8\b8]\b]
+ Set the spacing between hardware tab settings.
+ i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\bec\bca\bas\bse\be,\b, i\bic\bc [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
+ Ignore case differences in regular expressions.
+ k\bke\bey\byt\bti\bim\bme\be [\b[6\b6]\b]
+ The 10th's of a second e\bex\bx/\b/v\bvi\bi waits for a subsequent key to complete
+ a key mapping.
+ l\ble\bef\bft\btr\bri\big\bgh\bht\bt [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
+ V\bVi\bi only. Do left-right scrolling.
+ l\bli\bin\bne\bes\bs,\b, l\bli\bi [\b[2\b24\b4]\b]
+ V\bVi\bi only. Set the number of lines in the screen.
+ l\bli\bis\bsp\bp [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
+ V\bVi\bi only. Modify various search commands and options to work with
+ Lisp.
+
+ _\bT_\bh_\bi_\bs _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\bi_\bs _\bn_\bo_\bt _\by_\be_\bt _\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\be_\bd_\b.
+ l\bli\bis\bst\bt [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
+ Display lines in an unambiguous fashion.
+ l\blo\boc\bck\bk [\b[o\bon\bn]\b]
+ Attempt to get an exclusive lock on any file being edited, read or
+
+
+ written.
+ m\bma\bag\bgi\bic\bc [\b[o\bon\bn]\b]
+ Treat certain characters specially in regular expressions.
+ m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bht\bti\bim\bme\be [\b[7\b7]\b]
+ V\bVi\bi only. The 10th's of a second e\bex\bx/\b/v\bvi\bi pauses on the matching char-
+ acter when the s\bsh\bho\bow\bwm\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh option is set.
+ m\bme\bes\bsg\bg [\b[o\bon\bn]\b]
+ Permit messages from other users.
+ m\bmo\bod\bde\bel\bli\bin\bne\bes\bs,\b, m\bmo\bod\bde\bel\bli\bin\bne\be [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
+ Read the first and last few lines of each file for e\bex\bx commands.
+
+ _\bT_\bh_\bi_\bs _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\bw_\bi_\bl_\bl _\bn_\be_\bv_\be_\br _\bb_\be _\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\be_\bd_\b.
+ n\bnu\bum\bmb\bbe\ber\br,\b, n\bnu\bu [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
+ Precede each line displayed with its current line number.
+ o\boc\bct\bta\bal\bl [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
+ Display unknown characters as octal numbers, instead of the default
+ hexadecimal.
+ o\bop\bpe\ben\bn [\b[o\bon\bn]\b]
+ E\bEx\bx only. If this option is not set, the o\bop\bpe\ben\bn and v\bvi\bis\bsu\bua\bal\bl commands
+ are disallowed.
+ o\bop\bpt\bti\bim\bmi\biz\bze\be,\b, o\bop\bpt\bt [\b[o\bon\bn]\b]
+ V\bVi\bi only. Optimize text throughput to dumb terminals.
+
+ _\bT_\bh_\bi_\bs _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\bi_\bs _\bn_\bo_\bt _\by_\be_\bt _\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\be_\bd_\b.
+ p\bpa\bar\bra\bag\bgr\bra\bap\bph\bhs\bs,\b, p\bpa\bar\bra\ba [\b[I\bIP\bPL\bLP\bPP\bPP\bPQ\bQP\bPP\bP L\bLI\bIp\bpp\bpl\blp\bpi\bip\bpb\bbp\bp]\b]
+ V\bVi\bi only. Define additional paragraph boundaries for the {\b{ and }\b}
+ commands.
+ p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\bt [\b[o\bon\bn]\b]
+ E\bEx\bx only. Display a command prompt.
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by,\b, r\bro\bo [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
+ Mark the file as read-only.
+ r\bre\bec\bcd\bdi\bir\br [\b[/\b/v\bva\bar\br/\b/t\btm\bmp\bp/\b/v\bvi\bi.\b.r\bre\bec\bco\bov\bve\ber\br]\b]
+ The directory where recovery files are stored.
+ r\bre\bed\bdr\bra\baw\bw,\b, r\bre\be [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
+ V\bVi\bi only. Simulate an intelligent terminal on a dumb one.
+
+ _\bT_\bh_\bi_\bs _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\bi_\bs _\bn_\bo_\bt _\by_\be_\bt _\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\be_\bd_\b.
+ r\bre\bem\bma\bap\bp [\b[o\bon\bn]\b]
+ Remap keys until resolved.
+ r\bre\bep\bpo\bor\brt\bt [\b[5\b5]\b]
+ Set the number of lines about which the editor reports changes or
+ yanks.
+ r\bru\bul\ble\ber\br [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
+ V\bVi\bi only. Display a row/column ruler on the colon command line.
+ s\bsc\bcr\bro\bol\bll\bl,\b, s\bsc\bcr\br [\b[w\bwi\bin\bnd\bdo\bow\bw /\b/ 2\b2]\b]
+ Set the number of lines scrolled.
+ s\bse\bec\bct\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs,\b, s\bse\bec\bct\bt [\b[N\bNH\bHS\bSH\bHH\bH H\bHU\bUn\bnh\bhs\bsh\bh]\b]
+ V\bVi\bi only. Define additional section boundaries for the [\b[[\b[ and ]\b]]\b]
+ commands.
+ s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl,\b, s\bsh\bh [\b[e\ben\bnv\bvi\bir\bro\bon\bnm\bme\ben\bnt\bt v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL,\b, o\bor\br /\b/b\bbi\bin\bn/\b/s\bsh\bh]\b]
+ Select the shell used by the editor.
+ s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\blm\bme\bet\bta\ba [\b[~\b~{\b{[\b[*\b*?\b?$\b$`\b`'\b'"\b"\\b\]\b]
+ Set the meta characters checked to determine if file name expansion
+ is necessary.
+ s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\btw\bwi\bid\bdt\bth\bh,\b, s\bsw\bw [\b[8\b8]\b]
+ Set the autoindent and shift command indentation width.
+ s\bsh\bho\bow\bwm\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh,\b, s\bsm\bm [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
+ V\bVi\bi only. Note matching ``{'' and ``('' for ``}'' and ``)'' charac-
+ ters.
+ s\bsh\bho\bow\bwm\bmo\bod\bde\be [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
+ V\bVi\bi only. Display the current editor mode and a ``modified'' flag.
+ s\bsi\bid\bde\bes\bsc\bcr\bro\bol\bll\bl [\b[1\b16\b6]\b]
+ V\bVi\bi only. Set the amount a left-right scroll will shift.
+ s\bsl\blo\bow\bwo\bop\bpe\ben\bn,\b, s\bsl\blo\bow\bw [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
+ Delay display updating during text input.
+
+
+ _\bT_\bh_\bi_\bs _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\bi_\bs _\bn_\bo_\bt _\by_\be_\bt _\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\be_\bd_\b.
+ s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bea\ban\bny\by [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
+ Read startup files not owned by the current user.
+
+ _\bT_\bh_\bi_\bs _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\bw_\bi_\bl_\bl _\bn_\be_\bv_\be_\br _\bb_\be _\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\be_\bd_\b.
+ t\bta\bab\bbs\bst\bto\bop\bp,\b, t\bts\bs [\b[8\b8]\b]
+ This option sets tab widths for the editor display.
+ t\bta\bag\bgl\ble\ben\bng\bgt\bth\bh,\b, t\btl\bl [\b[0\b0]\b]
+ Set the number of significant characters in tag names.
+ t\bta\bag\bgs\bs,\b, t\bta\bag\bg [\b[t\bta\bag\bgs\bs /\b/v\bva\bar\br/\b/d\bdb\bb/\b/l\bli\bib\bbc\bc.\b.t\bta\bag\bgs\bs /\b/s\bsy\bys\bs/\b/k\bke\ber\brn\bn/\b/t\bta\bag\bgs\bs]\b]
+ Set the list of tags files.
+ t\bte\ber\brm\bm,\b, t\btt\bty\byt\bty\byp\bpe\be,\b, t\btt\bty\by [\b[e\ben\bnv\bvi\bir\bro\bon\bnm\bme\ben\bnt\bt v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be T\bTE\bER\bRM\bM]\b]
+ Set the terminal type.
+ t\bte\ber\brs\bse\be [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
+ This option has historically made editor messages less verbose. It
+ has no effect in this implementation.
+ t\bti\bil\bld\bde\beo\bop\bp
+ Modify the ~\b~ command to take an associated motion.
+ t\bti\bim\bme\beo\bou\but\bt,\b, t\bto\bo [\b[o\bon\bn]\b]
+ Time out on keys which may be mapped.
+ t\btt\bty\byw\bwe\ber\bra\bas\bse\be [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
+ V\bVi\bi only. Select an alternate erase algorithm.
+ v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
+ only. Display an error message for every error.
+ w\bw3\b30\b00\b0 [\b[n\bno\bo d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt]\b]
+ V\bVi\bi only. Set the window size if the baud rate is less than 1200
+ baud.
+ w\bw1\b12\b20\b00\b0 [\b[n\bno\bo d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt]\b]
+ V\bVi\bi only. Set the window size if the baud rate is equal to 1200
+ baud.
+ w\bw9\b96\b60\b00\b0 [\b[n\bno\bo d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt]\b]
+ V\bVi\bi only. Set the window size if the baud rate is greater than 1200
+ baud.
+ w\bwa\bar\brn\bn [\b[o\bon\bn]\b]
+ E\bEx\bx only. This option causes a warning message to the terminal if
+ the file has been modified, since it was last written, before a !\b!
+ command.
+ w\bwi\bin\bnd\bdo\bow\bw,\b, w\bw,\b, w\bwi\bi [\b[e\ben\bnv\bvi\bir\bro\bon\bnm\bme\ben\bnt\bt v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS]\b]
+ Set the window size for the screen.
+ w\bwr\bra\bap\bpl\ble\ben\bn,\b, w\bwl\bl [\b[0\b0]\b]
+ V\bVi\bi only. Break lines automatically, the specified number of
+ columns from the left-hand margin.
+ w\bwr\bra\bap\bpm\bma\bar\brg\bgi\bin\bn,\b, w\bwm\bm [\b[0\b0]\b]
+ V\bVi\bi only. Break lines automatically, the specified number of
+ columns from the right-hand margin.
+ w\bwr\bra\bap\bps\bsc\bca\ban\bn,\b, w\bws\bs [\b[o\bon\bn]\b]
+ Set searches to wrap around the end or beginning of the file.
+ w\bwr\bri\bit\bte\bea\ban\bny\by,\b, w\bwa\ba [\b[o\bof\bff\bf]\b]
+ Turn off file-overwriting checks.
+
+E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTA\bAL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS
+ COLUMNS The number of columns on the screen. This value overrides any
+ system or terminal specific values. If the COLUMNS environ-
+ mental variable is not set when e\bex\bx/\b/v\bvi\bi runs, or the c\bco\bol\blu\bum\bmn\bns\bs op-
+ tion is explicitly reset by the user, e\bex\bx/\b/v\bvi\bi enters the value
+ into the environment.
+ EXINIT A list of e\bex\bx startup commands, read if the variable NEXINIT is
+ not set.
+ HOME The user's home directory, used as the initial directory path
+ for the startup _\b$_\bH_\bO_\bM_\bE_\b/_\b._\bn_\be_\bx_\br_\bc and _\b$_\bH_\bO_\bM_\bE_\b/_\b._\be_\bx_\br_\bc files. This val-
+ ue is also used as the default directory for the v\bvi\bi c\bcd\bd com-
+ mand.
+ LINES The number of rows on the screen. This value overrides any
+ system or terminal specific values. If the LINES environmen-
+ tal variable is not set when e\bex\bx/\b/v\bvi\bi runs, or the l\bli\bin\bne\bes\bs option
+ is explicitly reset by the user, e\bex\bx/\b/v\bvi\bi enters the value into
+ the environment.
+ NEXINIT A list of e\bex\bx startup commands.
+ SHELL The user's shell of choice (see also the s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl option).
+ TERM The user's terminal type. The default is the type
+ ``unknown''. If the TERM environmental variable is not set
+ when e\bex\bx/\b/v\bvi\bi runs, or the t\bte\ber\brm\bm option is explicitly reset by the
+ user, e\bex\bx/\b/v\bvi\bi enters the value into the environment.
+ TMPDIR The location used to stored temporary files (see also the
+ d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bry\by option).
+
+A\bAS\bSY\bYN\bNC\bCH\bHR\bRO\bON\bNO\bOU\bUS\bS E\bEV\bVE\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS
+ SIGALRM V\bVi\bi/\b/e\bex\bx uses this signal for periodic backups of file modifica-
+ tions and to display ``busy'' messages when operations are
+ likely to take a long time.
+ SIGHUP
+ SIGTERM If the current buffer has changed since it was last written
+ in its entirety, the editor attempts to save the modified
+ file so it can be later recovered. See the v\bvi\bi/\b/e\bex\bx Reference
+ manual section entitled ``Recovery'' for more information.
+ SIGINT When an interrupt occurs, the current operation is halted,
+ and the editor returns to the command level. If interrupted
+ during text input, the text already input is resolved into
+ the file as if the text input had been normally terminated.
+ SIGWINCH The screen is resized. See the v\bvi\bi/\b/e\bex\bx Reference manual sec-
+ tion entitled ``Sizing the Screen'' for more information.
+ SIGCONT
+ SIGQUIT
+ SIGTSTP V\bVi\bi/\b/e\bex\bx ignores these signals.
+
+B\bBU\bUG\bGS\bS
+ See the file _\bn_\bv_\bi_\b/_\bd_\bo_\bc_\bs_\b/_\bb_\bu_\bg_\bs_\b._\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt for a list of the known bugs in this
+ version.
+
+F\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bS
+ /bin/sh The default user shell.
+ /etc/vi.exrc System-wide vi startup file.
+ /tmp Temporary file directory.
+ /var/tmp/vi.recover The default recovery file directory.
+ $HOME/.nexrc 1st choice for user's home directory startup file.
+ $HOME/.exrc 2nd choice for user's home directory startup file.
+ .nexrc 1st choice for local directory startup file.
+ .exrc 2nd choice for local directory startup file.
+
+S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
+ ctags(1), more(1), curses(3), dbopen(3)
+
+ The ``Vi Quick Reference'' card.
+
+ ``An Introduction to Display Editing with Vi'', found in the ``UNIX
+ User's Manual Supplementary Documents'' section of both the 4.3BSD and
+ 4.4BSD manual sets. This document is the closest thing available to an
+ introduction to the v\bvi\bi screen editor.
+
+ ``Ex Reference Manual (Version 3.7)'', found in the ``UNIX User's Manual
+ Supplementary Documents'' section of both the 4.3BSD and 4.4BSD manual
+ sets. This document is the final reference for the e\bex\bx editor, as dis-
+ tributed in most historic 4BSD and System V systems.
+
+ ``Edit: A tutorial'', found in the ``UNIX User's Manual Supplementary
+ Documents'' section of the 4.3BSD manual set. This document is an intro-
+ duction to a simple version of the e\bex\bx screen editor.
+
+ ``Ex/Vi Reference Manual'', found in the ``UNIX User's Manual
+ Supplementary Documents'' section of the 4.4BSD manual set. This docu-
+ ment is the final reference for the n\bne\bex\bx/\b/n\bnv\bvi\bi text editors, as distributed
+ in 4.4BSD and 4.4BSD-Lite.
+
+ R\bRo\bof\bff\bf source for all of these documents is distributed with n\bne\bex\bx/\b/n\bnv\bvi\bi in the
+ _\bn_\bv_\bi_\b/_\bU_\bS_\bD_\b._\bd_\bo_\bc directory of the n\bne\bex\bx/\b/n\bnv\bvi\bi source code.
+
+ The files ``autowrite'', ``input'', ``quoting'', and ``structures'',
+ found in the _\bn_\bv_\bi_\b/_\bd_\bo_\bc_\bs_\b/_\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\ba_\bl_\bs directory of the n\bne\bex\bx/\b/n\bnv\bvi\bi source code.
+
+H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY
+ The n\bne\bex\bx/\b/n\bnv\bvi\bi replacements for the e\bex\bx/\b/v\bvi\bi editor first appeared in 4.4BSD.
+
+S\bST\bTA\bAN\bND\bDA\bAR\bRD\bDS\bS
+ N\bNe\bex\bx/\b/n\bnv\bvi\bi is close to IEEE Std1003.2 (``POSIX''). That document differs
+ from historical e\bex\bx/\b/v\bvi\bi practice in several places; there are changes to be
+ made on both sides.
+
+4.4BSD November 20, 1994 13
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